Islamic Propagation Office of Qom Seminary, Khorasan Razavi Branch Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence 2476-7565 10 1 2024 05 21 Feasibility of Refutation of “Unfair Terms” Based on Imāmī Jurisprudence Sources Feasibility of Refutation of “Unfair Terms” Based on Imāmī Jurisprudence Sources 139 175 76101 10.22034/jrj.2024.68501.2776 FA Mahdi Moftakhari Department of law/Mashhad branch/Islamic Azad university/Mashhad/Iran Mojtaba Zahedian Department of law/Mashhad branch/Islamic Azad university/Mashhad/Iran Sayyed Mohammad Mahdi Ghabooli Dorafshan Associate Professor, Department of Private Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad-Iran. Journal Article 2024 02 13 In recent decades, several new terms have been increasingly used in the laws and rules of Arab countries, all of which somehow indicate the unfairness of the contract (either in the nature of the contract or in the terms of the contract). One of these terms is “unfair condition.” The most important feature of unfair (taʻasufī) conditions is the exploitation and abuse of the external or internal weakness of the weak party. Iranian law has addressed the imposed or unfair conditions with delay and in a more limited way. Unfair condition is not mentioned in any jurisprudential sources, but it is possible to analyze it based on jurisprudential sources. There are two possibilities in refutation and the need to adjust the unfair terms: the correctness and refutation approach. Contractual freedom and the validity of contracts, the principle of validity and the non-inclusion of an unfair condition among refutation conditions are the evidence of the first possibility. Entering into the conditions contrary to the Holy Qurʼān and the Sunnah, the principle of justice and fairness, the prohibition of disorder in the system, the forbidding the uncertain (gharar), the forbidding of consuming property wrongfully, and the unity of the criteria with similar subjects such as al-Bayʻ ʻalā al-Bayʻ, al-Sawm ʻalā al-Sawm, Najsh and Talaqqā al-Rukbān are evidence of the second possibility. In case of refutation of an unfair terms, it is possible to dictate the possibility of termination or modification of the contract in favour of the weaker party.  In recent decades, several new terms have been increasingly used in the laws and rules of Arab countries, all of which somehow indicate the unfairness of the contract (either in the nature of the contract or in the terms of the contract). One of these terms is “unfair condition.” The most important feature of unfair (taʻasufī) conditions is the exploitation and abuse of the external or internal weakness of the weak party. Iranian law has addressed the imposed or unfair conditions with delay and in a more limited way. Unfair condition is not mentioned in any jurisprudential sources, but it is possible to analyze it based on jurisprudential sources. There are two possibilities in refutation and the need to adjust the unfair terms: the correctness and refutation approach. Contractual freedom and the validity of contracts, the principle of validity and the non-inclusion of an unfair condition among refutation conditions are the evidence of the first possibility. Entering into the conditions contrary to the Holy Qurʼān and the Sunnah, the principle of justice and fairness, the prohibition of disorder in the system, the forbidding the uncertain (gharar), the forbidding of consuming property wrongfully, and the unity of the criteria with similar subjects such as al-Bayʻ ʻalā al-Bayʻ, al-Sawm ʻalā al-Sawm, Najsh and Talaqqā al-Rukbān are evidence of the second possibility. In case of refutation of an unfair terms, it is possible to dictate the possibility of termination or modification of the contract in favour of the weaker party.  http://jostar-fiqh.maalem.ir/article_76101_2880e3350077bee7c73c0973c186614b.pdf