A Deliberation on the Ruling of Invalidation of the Fast by Immersing the Head in Water

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 Associate Professor at Department of Jurisprudence and Foundations of Islamic Law, Zahedan;

2 PhD Sudent at Department of Jurisprudence and Foundations of Islamic Law, Zahedan; moazzeni62@gmail.com

Abstract

 There is a substantial disagreement among Shīʿī fuqahā (jurists) on the ḥukm (ruling) of immersing of the head in water by a fasting person. There is also a disagreement between Sunni fuqahā. According to some reports, early Muslims used immersion (irtimās) to reduce the difficulty of fasting. In terms of conventional understanding, immersion has no objection to imsāk (abstention) and the reality of fasting therefore, proving its mufṭirāt (things that break the fast) will be proof of a pure devotional matter and is contrary to conventional understanding. On the other hand, the concept of muftir can be used in a meaning that includes both prohibition and divine transcendence. Thus, it is mentioned in some narrations that lying invalidates the wuḍū (ablution) and backbiting invalidates the fasting. There is also a conflict between the narrations in this regard. This study, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, shows that the evidence of the generally accepted view is debatable and the proof of invalidation, qaḍā (fulfillment of neglected duties), and kaffārah (atonement) for this action is a matter for serious consideration. As a result, according to the iṭlāq (inclusiveness) of the Holy Qurʼān which indicates the lack of conventional and obligatory prohibition, it seems that a combination of evidence with the view of kirāhah (disapproval), which was chosen by Āyatullāh al-Sīstānī, the contemporary faqīh, is more acceptable and it is the selected view.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

حکم بطلان الصوم عند رمس الرأس فی الماء؛ وقفة نقدیة

Abstract [العربیة]

اختلف فقهاء الإمامیة کما فقهاء أهل السنة فی حکم رمس الرأس فی الماء عند الصوم.
وفقا لبعض الأخبار، کان المسلمون الأوائل یلجؤون إلى الارتماس للحد من صعوبة الصوم. ولا یخالف الارتماسُ الإمساکَ وحقیقة الصوم من حیث الفهم العرفی، لذلک فإنّ إثبات مفطریة الارتماس، یکون إثباتا لأمر تعبدی محض ومخالفاً للفهم العرفی له.
من جانب آخر فإنّ ما یفهم من المفطریة یشمل کلا من التحریم والتنزیه، لذلک جاء فی بعض الأخبار مفطریة الکذب والغیبة فی الصوم.
کما أنّه یوجد تعارض فی الروایات فی هذه المسألة.
تبیّن هذه الدراسة القائمة على المنهج الوصفی – التحلیلی، أنّ أدلة قول المشهور فی هذه المسألة قابلة للنقاش، وإثبات الحرمة والقضاء والکفارة لها أمر یتطلب مزیدا من التأمل والنظر.
وعلیه، یبدو أنّه بمقتضى إطلاق الآیات الدال على عدم الحرمة التکلیفیة والوضعیة فإنّ الجمع بین الأدلة عبر القول بالکراهة والذی اختاره المرجع المعاصر آیة الله السیستانی، هو الرأی الأقوى فی المسألة وهو القول المختار.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الصوم
  • مفطرات الصوم
  • الارتماس

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 7, Issue 4 - Serial Number 25
Articles
March 2022
Pages 133-160

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History

  • Receive Date: 02 June 2019
  • Revise Date: 18 January 2020
  • Accept Date: 19 January 2020

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