Ontology of the Ijtihad algorithm

Document Type : Metodology Of Studies

Author

Graduated Student in 4th level of Seminary School of Mashhad & Assistant Professor of Logic Understanding Religion / Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought

Abstract

This article attempts to find the answer to this question:
Is it possible to discover and simulate the methods that the jurists use in their inferences with the details that go through the mind of the jurist? If so, how?
If inference (ijtihad in jurisprudence) is a methodological epistemological attempt to discover the justification for the "obligatory verb" and if the inference and ijtihad (inference process) are transitive actions that the jurist performs step by step to discover the commentator from the starting point (facing the problem) to the end point (issuing a Fatwā); and if the methodology of ijtihād (process of inference) is actions and reactions that the jurist takes step by step to discover the view of the Almighty from the starting point (facing the problem) to the ending point (issuing the fatwa), and if methodology and presenting an algorithm that accurately determines and describes the step-by-step process of solving a problem such that the starting point and ending point, the number of steps, the logical order of steps, and implementation instructions are described in each step without any gaps, then it seems that the operation of ijtihad and inference can be described algorithmically.
How to do this can be done in two ways: 1. Field induction of jurisprudents' performance and their analysis by discovering their methods. 2. Deductive according to cause and effect implications that exist in the sciences of Jurisprudence and Uṣūsl (Principles).
Every jurist has his own deductive method which by analyzing his performance in his inferences can be given the details of his method and accordingly, different methods of jurists can also be studied comparatively and can also be deduced based on deductive method. The discovery of the deduction process validates the methodology of each jurist.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

ماهیة خوارزمیة الاجتهاد

Abstract [العربیة]

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى الإجابة عن السؤال التالی:
هل یمکن اکتشاف وتحدید الأسالیب التی یتبعها الفقهاء فی استنباطاتهم مضافاً إلى التفاصیل التی تمرّ فی ذهن الفقیه، وهل یمکن تجسیمها؟ إذا کان الجواب نعم فکیف؟ وإذا کان الاستنباط (الاجتهاد بحسب المصطلح الفقهی) هو عبارة عن جهد علمی مؤطّر من أجل کشف موجّه "للحُکم" وإذا کانت عملیات الاستنباط والاجتهاد هی عبارة عن أفعال وانفعالات یقوم بها الفقیه مرحلة بعد مرحلة لکشف نظر الشارع بحیث یبدأ من نقطة البدایة (مواجهة المسألة) وینتهی إلى نقطة الختام (صدور الفتوى)، وإذا ما کان هناک توصیف للمنهج المتبع، وتقدیم خوارزمیة تحدد وتوصف بدقة وخطوة بخطوة عملیات حل مسألة ما بحیث تحدد نقطة البدایة والنهایة، وعدد المراحل وترتیبها المنطقی، مع بیان قواعد العمل التنفیذی فی کلّ مرحلة من دون وجود فجوات بین تلک القواعد، مع توفر کلّ ما سبق یمکننا القول؛ أنّه یمکن على الظاهر بیان و وصف عملیات الاجتهاد والاستنباط بشکل خوارزمیات.
أمّا کیفیة هذا العمل؛ فتحصل عبر طریقین 1. الاستقراء المیدانی لعمل وإنتاج الفقهاء وتحلیله بمنهج کشف الأسلوب. 2. طریق القیاس؛ بناء على الضرورات العلیة المعلولیة الموجودة فی علم الفقه وأصوله.
لکلّ فقیه منهجه الخاص فی الاستنباط، وعبر تحلیل عمل وأداء هذا الفقیه فی استنباطاته یمکننا الوصول إلى تفاصیل وجزئیات الأسلوب، وبناء علیه نقوم بدراسة مختلف مناهج الفقهاء دراسة مقارنة، کما یمکن عبر طریق القیاس فی کشف عملیة الاستنباط تقییم أسلوب ومنهج کلّ واحد من الفقهاء.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • المنهجیة
  • منهج الفقاهة
  • خوارزمیة الاجتهاد
  • تقییم الاستنباط الفقهی

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 6, Issue 2 - Serial Number 19
Articles
August 2020
Pages 221-251

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History

  • Receive Date: 12 October 2019
  • Revise Date: 01 February 2020
  • Accept Date: 08 April 2020

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