General Principles of Judging the Authenticity in Prudential Concealment Behavior; Investigating the Contexts in the Field of Worships and Transactions

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 Professor Religious Science School, Qom, Iran

2 Graduate of level three of Qom Hawza Ilmiyya and PhD Student in Jurisprudence and Principle of Islamic Law at Tehran University; Tehran - Iran; (Corresponding Author)

Abstract

Imami Jurists, due to the importance of prudential concealment (Taqīyah) in the Shiʻi thought system and to great emphasis of Islamic Shariʻa on this subject, have regarded in explaining its effects as greatly significant, taken to its legal (fiqhi) inference and presented view in the context of situational (Waḍʻī) and obligational (Taklīfī) rulings in prudential concealment Behavior. Various issues and views have been come up in the fiqhi works concerning situational ruling (Ḥukm Waḍʻī) of worships and prudential concealment transactions. But general foundations of Ijtihadi views have not been independently explained. For this reason, while critically rethinking the opinions, this article analyzes the principles and documents of situational ruling of prudential concealment behavior and re-examines the effects of those principles in the field of worships and transactions. In this study, which is written in a descriptive-analytical method, the general legal proofs in permission to obey prudential concealment (Taqīyyah traditions), Hadith Rafʻ, Meysūr principle and discovering the edict by prudential concealment obeying through connecting the worships edicts to prudential concealment ethics is accepted as the basics of judging the validity in obeying the prudential concealment. Based on mentioned basics, situational ruling of validity and its effects in worships and transactions performs in the condition of prudential concealment provided that urgency and conformity of the title would be customarily true about the remaining amount of action. The effect of validity of devotional-prudential concealment behaviors is that worship does not need to make it up or restore it and expected effects of unilateral obligations and contracts result in prudential concealment transactions.

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

المبانی العامة للحکم بالصحة فی حالات العمل بالتقیة دراسة المجالات وتحلیل مجالی العبادات والمعاملات

Abstract [العربیة]

بالنظر إلى أهمیة التقیة ومکانتها فی المنظومة الفکریة للشیعة، وبناء على التأکید والترغیب الذی لقیته هذه المقولة فی الشریعة؛ اهتم فقهاء الإمامیة ببیان آثارها، واعتنوا بالاستنباط الفقهی، وعرض الآراء فی مجال الأحکام التکلیفیة والوضعیة المرتبطة بحالات العمل بالتقیة، وقد تضمنت الکتب الفقهیة أبحاثا کثیرة وآراء مختلفة حول الحکم الوضعی للعبادات والمعاملات المأتی بها على وجه التقیة، ولکن لم یتم إلى الآن عرض المبانی العامة لتلک النظریات الاجتهادیة عرضا مستقلا، وبناء علیه عمدنا فی هذه الدراسة مع نقد الآراء فی هذا المجال إلى تحلیل مبانی الحکم الوضعی للأعمال المأتی بها على وجه التقیة مضافا إلى تحلیل أدلة هذا الحکم، وتناولنا بالبحث نطاق آثار تلک المبانی فی مجالی العبادات والمعاملات (بالمعنى الأعم).
وفی هذه الدراسة التی اتبعنا فیها المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی توصلنا إلى قبول الموارد التالیة کمبانٍ للحکم بصحة الأعمال القائمة على التقیة، والمبانی هی:
الأدلة العامة الشرعیة فی الإذن بالامتثال على وجه التقیة (روایات التقیة)، وحدیث الرفع، وقاعدة المیسور، وکشف الأمر عبر الامتثال على وجه التقیة عن طریق اتصال وانضمام أوامر العبادات مع أوامر التقیة.
ووفقا للمبانی المذکورة فإنّ الحکم الوضعی للصحة وآثاره تجری وتتحقق فی الأعمال العبادیة وفی المعاملات القائمة على وجه التقیة، وذلک بشرط أن یصدق الاضطرار وانطباق العنوان عرفا على المقدار الباقی من العمل.
وإنّ أثر الصحة فی الأعمال العبادیة المأتی بها على وجه التقیة هو الإجزاء وکفایة العبادة وسقوط الإعادة أو القضاء، أمّا فی العاملات فأثرها هو ترتب الآثار المعهودة من العقود والإیقاعات.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • التقیّة
  • أدلة التقیّة
  • الإذن الشرعی
  • الحکم الوضعی
  • حکم الصحة
  • حدیث الرفع
  • قاعدة المیسور

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 7, Issue 2 - Serial Number 23
Articles
June 2021
Pages 41-72

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History

  • Receive Date: 21 January 2020
  • Revise Date: 07 March 2020
  • Accept Date: 27 May 2020

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