A Contemporary Approach to the Margin of Shaykh al-Bahāʼī on the Book Sharḥ al-Mukhtaṣar al-Uṣūl al-ʿAḍudī

Document Type : Research (Fast Track Review)

Authors

1 Phd Student in Jurisprudence and Principle of Islamic Law at Tehran Universiy.

2 Associate Professor of Jurisprudence and Principle of Islamic Law at Tehran Universiy.

Abstract

Shaykh al-Bahāʻī is the last uṣūlī of the Era of Renewal, whose two valuable works namely, Zubdat al-Uṣūl and Ḥāshīyat al-Sharḥ al-Mukhtaṣar al-Uṣūl are the signs of his mastery over uṣūl. The book Zubdat al-Uṣūl, which has been an educational textbook in the Islamic Seminaries for many years, was written about the uṣūl al-fiqh al-madhāhib (Principles of Jurisprudence of the Islamic Schools of Thought) according to the books al-Aḥkām by Āmadī and al-Nihāyah by ʿAllāmah al-Ḥillī during the period of Akhbārī rule. In the book Ḥāshīyat al-Sharḥ al-Mukhtaṣar al-Uṣūl, he made the most important of his critiques of Sharḥ al-Mukhtaṣar al-Uṣūl al-ʿAḍudī with a concise and specialized statement. By explaining the views of the most prominent scholars of the Islamic schools of thought, he expressed the selected views or independent opinions. He was the first uṣūlī scholar who used the concept of “knowledge” in the definition of fiqh in both certitude (qaṭʿ) and presumption (ẓann) senses. According to the Takhṭiʼah (Falsification) School of Thought, he has considered ijtihād as a doubtful category and considered most of the mujtahids as mutijazzī (partial). He was also the first to deny Ijmāʿ al-Manqūl bi al-Khabar al-Mutawātir (transmitted consensus by the tradition narrated by several sources) due to being sensory of tawwātur, the first to allow the use of the word “wājib” (obligatory) for conditional obligatory, and the first to consider the obedience to khabar al-wāhid (tradition with a single transmitter) permissible rationally and according to the consensus of Shīʿah. This study aimed to explore out the style of Shaykh al-Bahāʼī in the principles of contemporary jurisprudence in order to emulate in similar research.
 

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

النهج المقارَن فی حاشیة الشیخ البهائی على شرح مختصر الأصول للعضدی

Abstract [العربیة]

یعدّ الشیخ البهائی آخر الأصولیین فی فترة نهضة التجدد، والذی یدلّ عملاه القیمان "زبدة الأصول، وحاشیة شرح مختصر الأصول" على تضلعه وبراعته فی علم الأصول.


صنّف البهائی کتاب "زبدة الأصول" فی أصول فقه المذاهب بناء على کتابی الإحکام للآمدی والنهایة للعلامة الحلی، وکان الزبدة لسنوات عدیدة کتاباً تعلیمیاً فی المدارس والحوزات العلمیة فی فترة سیطرة الأخباریین.


کما استعرض الشیخ البهائی فی کتابه "شرح مختصر الأصول" ببیان موجز ومتقن أهم انتقاداته على کتاب "شرح مختصر الأصول" للعضدی، ومع تبیین آراء علماء المذاهب الإسلامیة المشهورین، تناول جمع الآراء، وترجیح الرأی المختار، أو تقدیم وجهة نظر مستقلة.


فهو أول أصولی استخدم مفهوم "العلم" فی تعریف الفقه بمعنى یشمل الظن والقطع، وبناءً على مذهب التخطئة اعتبر الشیخ البهائی الاجتهادَ من المقولات المشککة وأکثر المجتهدین متجزئین.


کما کان البهائی أول من قال بعدم اعتبار الإجماع المنقول بالخبر المتواتر نظرا لحسیة التواتر، وأجاز إطلاق لفظ "الواجب" على الواجب المشروط، وأباح أیضاً التعبد بخبر الواحد عقلاً وبإجماع الإمامیة.


تهدف المقالة إلى استکشاف منهج الشیخ البهائی فی أصول الفقه المقارن، لیکون مثالا ونموذجا یُحتذى فی الدراسات المماثلة.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الشیخ البهائی
  • شرح مختصر الأصول
  • زبدة الأصول
  • عضد الدین الإیجی
  • ابن الحاجب
  • الحاجبی

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 7, Issue 3 - Serial Number 24
Articles
June 2021
Pages 7-38

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History

  • Receive Date: 16 March 2020
  • Revise Date: 01 June 2020
  • Accept Date: 31 May 2020

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