The Principle of the Authenticity of Linking a Child to Lawful Sexual Intercourse

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 Student of Level Three at Hawza Ilmiyya of Mashhad.

2 Teacher of Advance Level at Mashhad Hawza Ilmiyya and PhD Student at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Abstract

One of the most important and widely used principles in the discussion of lineage is the principle of linking a child to lawful sexual intercourse (waṭī al-muḥtaram). This principle, which applies in the case of doubt, is mentioned for the first time in the words of the author of the book Jawāhir al-Kalām. Although it has been claimed that this principle was one of the initiatives of the author of Jawāhir al-Kalām and does not have a precedent in the words of jurists, its roots can be seen in the words of the jurists before him and in their discussions such as having sexual intercourse with a usurped slave-girl, breastfeeding (riḍāʾ) and inheritance.
The implications ‎of this principle are that, if there is any doubt between giving birth to a child due to lawful sex intercourse, including a woman having sexual intercourse with her husband or misapprehended sex intercourse (waṭī bi al-shubhāʾ), according to sharīʿah the child belongs to a person whose sexual intercourse is lawful and all the legal effects such as inheritance are applied to such a person. While describing the differences between this principle and the principle of al-farāsh, this study presents evidence for the authenticity of this principle such as the connection between lawful sex intercourse and linking the child to it, the principle of validity (iṣālat al-ṣiḥah), reference to the narrations, and the attention of the sharīʿah. After criticizing most of that evidence, the only evidence that seems to be valid from the viewpoint of the writer is the attention of the sharīʿah, and assuming its validity, the minor premise of this issue is proved by induction.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

قاعدة أصالة لحوق الولد بالوطء المحترم

Abstract [العربیة]

تعد قاعدة أصالة لحوق الولد بالوطء المحترم من القواعد الهامة، وهی کثیرة الاستخدام فی موضوع النسب.


وردت هذه القاعدة التی تجری فی حالة الشک، لأول مرة فی کلمات صاحب الجواهر، وعلى الرغم من الادعاء أنّ هذه القاعدة من ابتکارات صاحب الجواهر، ولم یسبق لها استخدام بین کلمات الفقهاء؛ إلا أنّ جذورها ترجع إلى کلمات العلماء المتقدمین فی مباحث وطء الجاریة کرهاً، والرضاع، والإرث.


مفاد هذه القاعدة أنه عند الشک بین الوطء المحترم (الولادة عن طریق الحلال) بما فی ذلک وطء الزوج ووطء الشبهة، وبین الوطء غیر المحترم (الولادة عن طریق الحرام)، یلحق الولد بالواطئ المحترم شرعاً ویترتب علیه آثار لحوق الولد من قبیل الإرث.


ویبیّن هذا البحث الفرق بین قاعدة "أصالة لحوق الولد بالوطء المحترم" وقاعدة الفراش، مضافا إلى عرضه لأدلة اعتبار هذه القاعدة، ومنها: الملازمة بین عنوان الوطء المحترم ولحوق الولد، وأصالة الصحة، والاستنباط من الروایات ومذاق الشریعة.


یرى الباحث مع نقده أکثر تلک الأدلة، أنّ دلیل مذاق الشریعة هو الدلیل المعتبر الذی تثبت صغراه بالاستقراء فی هذ البحث وذلک على فرض حجیة هذا الدلیل.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • النکاح
  • ثبوت النسب – الوطء بالشبهة – الإکراه – الوطء المحترم – قاعدة الفراش

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 7, Issue 3 - Serial Number 24
Articles
June 2021
Pages 71-102

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History

  • Receive Date: 21 November 2019
  • Revise Date: 02 February 2020
  • Accept Date: 27 May 2020

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