The Maxim of the Precedence of Urban Interests over Personal Interests

Document Type : Fiqh City

Author

Professor of Advance levels of Qom seminary- Qom - Iran

Abstract

One of the important conflicts in solving the problems of the jurisprudence of urban areas and urbanization is the conflict between the personal interests of individuals and the public interests of the city. There are many examples of this case that it can be mentioned as a jurisprudential maxim. According to this maxim, in the conflict between urban interests and the personal interests of individuals, it is always necessary to give priority to the interests of the city. To prove this, several arguments have been relied on, including some verses of the Holy Qurʼān, the Practice of the Commoners (sīrah al-ʿuqalā’), the maxim of the Sanctity of Disorder in the System (ḥurmat al-ikhtilāl al-niẓām), and the basis of the religious law  (sharīʿah). The result, however, is that one cannot always order to give priority to one over the other, but rather the precedence of each depends on how important it is to the other. Accordingly, each of the urban and the individual interests that were the most important take precedence over the other. However, it is usually urban interests that are the most important rather than individual interests and individual interests are often not on the “important” side.

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

قاعدة تقدیم المصالح العامة (المدنیة) على المصالح الشخصیة

Abstract [العربیة]

یُعد تعارض المصالح الشخصیة مع المصالح العامة أحد التعارضات الهامة فی حل قضایا فقه المدینة والتحضّر.
ولهذه المسألة مصادیق کثیرة جعلت ذکرها کقاعدة فقهیة. وفقاً لهذه القاعدة، یجب تقدیم المصالح العامة والمدینة على المصالح الشخصیة عند تعارضهما.
فقد تمسک قائلوا هذه المسألة لإثباته بأدلة متعددة منها الآیات القرآنیة والسیرة العقلائیة وقاعدة حرمة اختلال النظام والارتکازات الشرعیة.
لکن ما حصل أنه لا یمکن اعطاء الحکم بتقدیم إحداهما على الآخر، بل تقدم احداهما تُقید بأهمیتها بالنسبة للآخر.
لذلک تُقدّم کل من مصلحتی العامة والشخصیة الهامتین على الآخر. رغم أنه عادة المصالح العامة هی الأهم بالنسبة للمصالح الشخصیة والأخیرة توضع عادة فی الجانب "المهم".

Keywords [العربیة]

  • القاعدة الفقهیة
  • المصالح العامة
  • المصالح الشخصیة
  • الأهم والمهم
  • اختلال النظام

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 26
Articles
May 2022
Pages 37-63

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History

  • Receive Date: 23 January 2022
  • Revise Date: 21 February 2022
  • Accept Date: 24 February 2022

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