Jurisprudential Analysis of the Legitimacy of the Sale of Municipal Wastewater and Sewage

Document Type : Fiqh City

Authors

1 Master student of private law, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, Tehran- Iran. Mail: baronianbaronian8@gmail.com

2 Visiting Professor, Department of Private Law, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch, and Doctor of Jurisprudence and Fundamentals of Islamic Law, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad . Tehran-Iran.

3 Assistant Professor of Department of private Law ,North Tehran Branch ,Islamic Azad university ,Tehran- Iran.Mail: mmeyhamy@gmail.com

Abstract

In modern societies, the optimal use of municipal wastewater is considered a necessity in urban management. One of the concerns of the Islamic society regarding urban jurisprudence is the possibility of consuming polluted and impure water even after its treatment. Accordingly, transactions related to municipal wastewater, including impure water and urine, have been one of the jurisprudential challenges. The consensus of the earlier jurists and the disagreement among the later and contemporary jurists regarding the prohibition of the sale of sewage containing urine has made this issue the subject of controversy. The present study examines and analyzes the issue with the aim of explaining the jurisprudential decreeon the sale of municipal wastewater and sewage. The findings of this study indicate that the purchase and sale of treated municipal wastewater containing contaminated water and urine are allowed if it is used in applications that are not conditional upon purity (ṭahārah), such as industry and agricultural irrigation. The main arguments of the earlier jurists in preventing its usage have been due to the impossibility of its lawful usage. But today, with the creation of cities, the establishment of wastewater treatment plants, and the optimal use of wastewater, the lawful (ḥalāl) use of it has become possible.

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

التحلیل الفقهی لــمشروعیة بیع میاه الصرف الصحی

Abstract [العربیة]

یعتبر الاستخدام الأمثل لمیاه الصرف الصحی فی المجتمعات المعاصرة من ضروریات الإدارة الحضریة. أحد هواجس المجتمع الإسلامی القائم على الفقه الحضری إمکانیة استهلاک المیاه الملوثة والنجسة حتى بعد تنقیتها. وعلیه فإنّ التعامل مع میاه الصرف الصحی الحضری بما فی ذلک الماء المتنجس والبول النجس هی احد التحدیات الفقهیة، واتفاق آراء الفقهاء على حرمة بیع میاه الصرف الصحی المشتمل على البول النجس واختلاف الآراء بین المتأخرین والمعاصرین حول هذا الأمر، جعل من هذه القضیة محل بحث وجدل.


إنّ المقالة التی بین أیدینا تبحث فی هذا الموضوع المذکور وتحلله بهدف شرح الحکم الفقهی لبیع میاه الصرف الصحی. أظهرت نتائج البحث أنّ شراء وبیع میاه الصرف الصحی المعالجة بما فی ذلک کالمیاه غیر النقیة والبول النجس، إذا تم استعمالها فی استعمالات غیر مشروطة بالطهارة مثل الصناعة والری الزراعی جائز، ومعظم أدلة المتقدمین من الفقهاء فی الممانعة بدلیل عدم إمکانیة الانتفاع الحلال منه. الأمر الذی جعل الیوم إمکانیة الاستفادة الحلال منه میسراً مع التخطیط الحضری وإنشاء محطات معالجة میاه الصرف الصحی والاستخدام الأمثل لمیاه الصرف الصحی.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • میاه الصرف الصحی
  • المیاه الملوثة
  • بول الإنسان
  • النجس
  • المتنجس
  • البیع

Full Text

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 26
Articles
May 2022
Pages 65-87

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History

  • Receive Date: 22 January 2022
  • Revise Date: 20 February 2022
  • Accept Date: 24 February 2022

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