Resolving the Conflict between Rights and Interests in the Development of Urban Passageways

Document Type : Fiqh City

Authors

1 Department of Jurisprudence, Akhund Khorasani Specialty Center of Islamic Propagation Office of Qom Seminary, Khorasan Razavi Branch

2 researchist

Abstract

The development of passageways, streets and communication networks are the framework of cities in general. They are one of the main factors shaping the structure of the city that play the role of its vital arteries. There is a clear relationship between the development of the city, the growth of its land price, the dynamics and economy of the city, and all the activities of the inhabitants of the city with the passageways network. The development of societies, the expansion of urbanization, and the emergence of many problems and restrictions in inefficient urban contexts, have created the need for policy-making, planning, and the implementation of public and development projects in the urban context. To solve this challenge, improvement and renovation plansconsider widening the passages as one of the appropriate solutions. Regarding the implementation of the principles and rules of these plans or not, there is a conflict between public rights and interests and private rights and interests of individuals. In this study, the reading of ‘LāḌarar’ maxim with the approach of the governmental jurisprudence of Imam Khomeini and Ayatollah Sistani is introduced as the appropriate criterion for solving this conflict.According to this theory, the maxim of ‘LāḌarar’ represents the authority and duty of the Islamic judge (ḥākim al-sharʻ) in denying harm (ḍarar) to the public.Accordingly, there is no doubt that the municipality has public power, but based on the theory of governmental jurisprudence, the municipality is appointed by the guardian-jurist (walī al-faqīh) as the arm of governing. In the course development process, the municipality does not have the right but the duty to widen the passageways. To resolve the conflict between private rights and public interests, the municipality is obliged to act in favour of public rights and interests wherever the denial of harm (ḍarar) to the public is proven, even if it is to the detriment of private rights and interests. The results of this view provide better and greater protection for the general rights of citizens and in cases of refusal and withdrawal, there is no need for a governmental decree, because the plan approved by the municipality, assuming it has legal conditions and the approval of the highest official of this institution, is the same as the governmental decree of the ruler.
Keywords: Widen the Passageways, Urban Management, Conflict of Rights and Interests, the ‘lā ḍarar’ Maxim, Governmental Decree, Governmental Jurisprudence, Ayatollahs Khomeini and Sistani.

Keywords


Article Title [العربیة]

حلّ تعارض الحقوق والمصالح فی تطویر ممرات المدینة فی ضوء لــــقاعدة لاضرر

Abstract [العربیة]

إن تطویر الممرات والشوارع وشبکات الاتصال بشکل عام هو الهیکل الذی تقوم علیه المدن، وباعتبارها أحد العوامل الأساسیة التی تشکل هیکل المدینة حیث تلعب دوراً حیویاً فیها. یرتبط نمو المدینة وسعر أراضیها ودینامیکیات المدینة واقتصادها وجمیع أنشطة سکان المدینة بشبکة الطرق بشکل واضح. إنّ تطور المجتمعات والتوسع الحضری وظهور العدید من المشاکل والقیود فی السیاقات الحضریة غیر الفعّالة، خلق الحاجة إلى صنع السیاسات والتخطیط وتنفیذ المشاریع العامة والتنمویة فی السیاق الحضری. لحل هذا التحدی فإنّ خطط التحسین والتجدید تعتبر "توسیع الممرات" هو أحد الحلول المناسبة.


فی سیاق تطبیق أحکام ومبادىء هذه المشاریع أو عدم تنفیذها، یحدث تعارض بین الحقوق والمصالح العامة والحقوق والمصالح الخاصة للأفراد. فی هذه المقالة المعیار المناسب لحل هذا التناقض هو قراءة "قاعدة لاضرر" على ضوء نهج الفقه الحکومی لآیات الله الخمینی(قدس سره) والسیستانی "دام ظله"؛ بموجب هذه النظریة فإن قاعدة لاضرر تمثل سلطة وواجب حاکم الشرع فی نفی الضرر عن العامة. على أساس ذلک لا شک فی أن تتمتع البلدیة بسلطة عامة، لکن فی نظریة فقه الحکومة فإن رئیس البلدیة المعیّن من قبل الولی الفقیه وباعتباره ذراع للحکم، وفی سیاق عملیات التنمیة لیس له الحق فقط بل من واجبه توسیع الممرات، والبلدیة مکلّفة من أجل حل التعارض بین الحقوق الخاصة والمصالح العامة، أن تتصرف فی کل مکان یحدث فیه تعارض بین الحقین التدخل حتى لو کان تدخلها بضرر الحقوق والمصالح الخاصة.


إن النتائج المترتبة على هذا الرأی توفر حمایة أفضل وأکبر لحقوق عامة المواطنین، وفی حال الامتناع والاستنکاف لا یعود هناک حاجة لمرسوم حکومی؛ لأنّ الخطة التی أقرّتها البلدیة فی فرض امتلاکها شروطًا قانونیة وموافقة المسؤول الأعلى فی هذه المؤسسة، هی نفس حکم الحکومة الحاکمة.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • توسیع الممرات
  • الإدارة الحضریة
  • تعارض الحقوق والمصالح
  • قاعدة لا ضرر
  • الحکم الولائی
  • فقه الحکومة
  • الإمام الخمینی
  • آیة الله السیستانی

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