Analysis of Public Joint-Stock Company from the Perspective of Contemporary Jurisprudence

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Author

Graduated from the Level 4 at Qom Seminary in Jurisprudence and Principles of Jurisprudence and the Head of the National Center for Answering to Religious Questions, Khorasan Branch.

Abstract

A public joint-stock company is one of the modern legal institutions that has not yet been fully explained from the perspective of Islamic jurisprudence. The jurists’ opinions on the subject of commercial companies are not exhaustive, although some of them have tried to justify it based on jurisprudential or civil companies. However, it seems that this kind of discussion is not correct and by attention to the nature of these companies, it is possible to understand that a public joint-stock is inherently different from a civil and jurisprudential company. In fact, a public joint-stock company is an institution and an organization, so equating it with a contract is a kind of interpretation or reduction of this multifaceted socio-economic phenomenon. Numerous issues, which play a pivotal role in the design of this institution, need to be examined such as the need for the consent of all partners in the company’s transactions, special privileges for preferred shares, death and insanity of some partners, etc. Considering all these issues and challenges, it seems that the explanation of a public joint-stock company based on existing jurisprudence faces some restrictions. The most important of these is a legal entity. The views of the jurists are not elaborated in the discussion of the legal entity and commercial companies. Using library resources and through the analytical-descriptive method, an attempt is made in this article to address this issue as well as other jurisprudential challenges of joint-stock companies. 

Keywords

Main Subjects


Article Title [العربیة]

تحلیل طبیعة الشرکات المساهمة العامة من منظور الفقه المعاصر

Abstract [العربیة]

تعدّ الشرکات المساهمة العامة من الکیانات الحقوقیة الحدیثة، ولم یحصل إلى الیوم تبیین کامل لها من الناحیة الفقهیة، وکلمات الفقهاء فی موضوع الشرکات التجاریة تفتقر إلى الضبط والتنقیح، وقد نظر بعض الفقهاء إلى هذه الشرکات على أساس الشرکات الفقهیة (المدنیة)، ولکن یبدو للباحث أنّ هذه النظرة لیست صحیحة، وأنّ التدقیق فی ماهیة وطبیعة هذه الشرکات یظهر تمایزها واختلافها عن الشرکات المدنیة والفقهیة، الشرکات المساهمة العامة هی فی الحقیقة مؤسسات ومنظمات؛ ولذا فإنّ مساواتها بالعقد العادی یعنی نظرة تحدُّ من هذه الظاهرة الاجتماعیة-الاقتصادیة متعددة الأوجه ولا توفیها حقها.
هناک الکثیر من الموضوعات المهمة فی عمل هذه الشرکات تحتاج إلى دراسة معمقة، ومنها: الحاجة إلى موافقة جمیع الشرکاء على معاملات الشرکة، والامتیازات الخاصة التی تمنح للأسهم التفضیلیة، وموت وجنون بعض الشرکاء و...
یبدو بالنظر إلى مجموع هذه المسائل والتحدیات أنّ دراسة الشرکات المساهمة العامة وفق الفقه الحالی تواجه بعض القیود، من أهمها مسألة الشخصیة الاعتباریة، فآراء الفقهاء فی مسألة الشخصیة الاعتباریة والشرکات التجاریة غیر منقح أیضا.
تحاول هذه الدراسة متبعة المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی واستنادا إلى المصادر المکتبیة أن تبحث فی هذا القید وفی غیره من التحدیات الفقهیة فی موضوع الشرکات المساهمة.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الشرکة المساهمة العامة
  • الشخصیة الاعتباریة
  • رضى الشرکاء
  • الخمس
  • موت الأعضاء
  • السهم التفضیلی

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