The Effect of Insanity on Inshāʼ Intention of the Periodically Insane at Suspicious Times (A Comparative Study on Shīʿī and Sunnī Jurisprudence)

Document Type : Research (Fast Track Review)

Authors

1 Assistant professor Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology, Sheikh Mofid University of Qom; (Corresponding Author); asad_mahdi313@yahoo.com

2 Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology, University of Sheikh Mofid Qom

3 Islamic jurisprudence and Islamic law principles

Abstract

Undoubtedly, all jurists of the Islamic sects consider legal actions and property ownership of periodic insane to be ineffective in the state of insanity and correct in the state of mental health. Sometimes he engaged in a legal action and is not clear whether he did it when he was healthy or when he was insane. The jurists of different sects, as well as the legal experts, disagree in determining the ruling of this jurisprudential branch. Given that there is no explicit reference to this jurisprudential branch, some Uṣūlīs who consider it permissible to rely on the ʻāmm in shubhat al-miṣdāqīyyah, have adhered to ʻumūm and iṭlāq (generality and absoluteness)of the two verses, namely (ʻufū bi al-ʻuqūd) and (aḥalla allāh al-bayʾ) and considered the contract valid. Since, according to well-known Uṣūlīs, reliance on the ʻāmm(general) reason is not permissible in the shubahāt al-miṣdāqīyyah, some of them have invalidated the transaction by relying on the maxims of istiṣḥāb (presumption of continuity) and birāʾat (exemption), and some others validated the transaction by relying on the maximof ṣiḥat (soundness). After expressing the opinions and criticizing the evidence of each of them, the writers of this article, considering the certainty of the evidence of the jurists that have validated this transaction, believe in the validity of such a transaction.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

تأثیر الجنون على قصد إنشاء المجنون الأدواری فی الوقت المشکوک(بحث مقارن بین فقه الإمامیة وفقه أهل السنة)

Abstract [العربیة]

لا خلاف بین فقهاء المذاهب الإسلامیة فی عدم ترتیب الأثر على الإجراءات الحقوقیة وعلى تصرفات المجنون الأدواری فی حالة الجنون وفی صحتها حین الإفاقة، ولکن قد یحدث أحیانا أن یصدر عمل حقوقی عن المجنون الأدواری دون التیقن هل أنّ هذا العمل کان فی زمن الجنون أم فی زمن الإفاقة، وقد وقع الاختلاف بین فقهاء مختلف المذاهب وبین الحقوقیین أیضا حول حکم هذا الفرع الفقهی.

بالنظر إلى خلو الأدلة اللفظیة عن إشارة صریحة إلى هذا الفرع الفقهی فإنّ الأصولیین القائلین بجواز التمسک بالعام فی الشبهة المصداقیة اختاروا الأخذ بعموم وإطلاق "أوفوا بالعقود" أو "أحلّ الله البیع"، وقالوا بنفاذ العقد، ولکن بناء على أنّ رأی مشهور الأصولیین هو عدم جواز التمسک بالعام فی الشبهات المصداقیة فقد ذهب البعض للقول ببطلان المعاملة متمسکین "بأصل الاستصحاب" و"أصل البراءة"، وبعض آخر اختار القول بصحة ذلک النوع من المعاملات مستندین إلى أصل "الصحة".

بعد نقلنا الأقوال فی المسألة، ونقد کلّ واحد منها، اخترنا القول بصحة مثل هذه المعاملات بناء على اتقان أدلة الفقهاء الذین قالوا بصحتها.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الإجراءات القانونیة
  • المجنون الأدواری
  • الوقت المشکوک
  • التمسک بالعام فی الشبهة المصداقیة
  • أصالة الصحة

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 8, Issue 2 - Serial Number 27
Articles
September 2022
Pages 163-193

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History

  • Receive Date: 15 December 2019
  • Revise Date: 23 June 2020
  • Accept Date: 23 June 2020

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