Comparison of the Theory of 'Moral Luck' with 'The Influence of Involuntary Factors on the Deserve of Punishment' among Uṣūlīs

Document Type : Research (Fast Track Review)

Author

Assistant professor of Department of Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology & Islamic Studies, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract

The term ‘moral luck’ refers to the influence of factors based on luck on moral judgements about human actions. Hereditary and regulative characteristics, temporal and spatial situations, as well as unforeseeable or unmonitored consequences, are among the most distinguished factors based on luck. Scholars of ethics have proposed different answers to solve this challenge that how to make a fair moral judgement despite the existence of luck-based factors. In a similar challenge, the Uṣūlīs have also tried to analyze the issue of deserving afterlife punishment according to the influence of involuntary factors on human actions. This study has identified and criticized the approaches of Uṣūlīs regarding the mentioned issue. As a result, Uṣūlīs often accept that things based on luck, which are involuntary and out of control cannot be considered involved in punishment. But, their understanding of these concepts is different. The beliefs, classifications and solutions presented by the Uṣūlīs in this issue have significant similarities and commonalities with the beliefs of scholars of ethics regarding the issue of moral luck.

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Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

مقارنة مقاربة علماء الأخلاق لمقولة «الحظ الأخلاقی» مع نظریة الأصولیین حول تأثیر العوامل اللاإرادیة على استحقاق العقوبة

Abstract [العربیة]

یشیر مصطلح الحظ الأخلاقی إلى تأثیر العوامل القائمة على الحظ على الأحکام الأخلاقیة حول أفعال الإنسان، ونذکر هنا الخصائص الوراثیة والذاتیة، والظروف الزمانیة والمکانیة، وکذلک الأحداث غیر المتوقعة أو غیر القابلة للمراقبة کأمثلة على أبرز العوامل التی تعتمد على الحظ.
اقترح علماء الأخلاق إجابات مختلفة لحل هذا التحدی المتمثل فی کیفیة إصدار حکم أخلاقی عادل على الرغم من وجود عوامل قائمة على الحظ. وفی تحدٍ مماثل؛ حاول علماء أصول الفقه التحقیق فی مسألة استحقاق العذاب الأخروی من حیث تأثیر العوامل اللاإرادیة على أفعال الإنسان.
فی هذه الدراسة یتم التعریف باتجاهات الأصولیین حول المسألة المذکورة ونقدها، ویستنتج الباحث فی النهایة أن الأصولیین ذهبوا فی کثیر من الأحیان للقول بأنه لا یمکن اعتبار العقوبة فی الأمور القائمة على الحظ، والخارجة عن الإرادة والاختیار، والخارجة عن السیطرة؛ لکن هناک اختلافات حول فهمهم لهذه المفاهیم.
ونلاحظ أن النظریات والحلول التی یقدمها الأصولیون فی هذه المسألة لها أوجه تشابه وقواسم مشترکة مع معتقدات علماء الأخلاق فی مسألة الحظ الأخلاقی.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الحظ الأخلاقی
  • الانقیاد
  • التجری
  • الأمر اللإرادی

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 8, Issue 4 - Serial Number 29
Articles
March 2023
Pages 7-42

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History

  • Receive Date: 20 December 2021
  • Revise Date: 03 July 2022
  • Accept Date: 26 July 2022

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