The Depositary’s Speech in Civil Procedure (Imāmī Jurisprudence and Positive Law)

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 Associate Professor in Faculty of Law and Political Science University of Tehran; Tehran-Iran;(

2 PhD Student Faculty of Law and Political Science University of Tehran

Abstract

The basic principle is that the claimant must prove his claim.  Despite this, in Islamic jurisprudence, the amīn’s (depositary) claim is accepted in cases without argument. Assuming the validity of the jurisprudential point of view and its implementation in law, we are discussing the process of dealing with the depositary’s claim. In cases where the depositary is in the position of the defendant and his answer is just to reject the claim of the plaintiff such as a loss claim against a lawsuit requiring the rejection of the entrusted property, or the depositary’s response is to reject the demand, such as the depositor’s claim to reject the property, his response is a defence type in a special sense. In cases where the claim of the depositary is such that in addition to rejecting the claim, he wants the court to make a decision about another person. In this case, with the combination of the conditions of a counterclaim, the depositary must raise a counterclaim, for example, when the depositary makes a claim for loss of property and maintenance costs against the claim of the obligation to reject the property.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

قول الأمین فی الإجراءات المدنیة (فقه الإمامیة والقوانین الوضعیة)

Abstract [العربیة]

القاعدة الأولیة تنص على وجوب إقامة المدعی البینة التی تثبت مدعاه (البیّنة على المدّعی)، ومع ذلک نلاحظ فی الفقه الإسلامی وجود حالات یُقبل فیها ادعاء المدعی الأمین بلا بینة. ومع فرض اعتبار الرأی الفقهی وتطبیقه فی القانون والحقوق، یکون الکلام فی إجراءات التعامل مع ادعاء الأمین فی الحالات التی یکون فیها الأمین مدعى علیه ولا تکون لائحته الجوابیة إلا لرد دعوى المدعی، من قبیل ادعاء التلف فی مقابل دعوى إلزام رد المال فی حالة الأمانة، أو جواب الأمین المبنی على رد الدعوى، من قبیل ادعاء المستودع فی رد المال، فجوابه سیکون من نوع الدفاع بالمعنى الأخص.

وفی الحالات التی یکون فیها ادعاء الأمین بحیث یطلب من المحکمة مضافا إلى الدفاع ورد الدعوى اتخاذ قرارها بشأن شخص آخر مع توفر شروط الادعاء المتقابل یجب على الأمین رفع هذا الادعاء، ومثال ذلک مطالبته بتکلفة الاستیداع فی مقابل دعوى الإلزام برد المال وادعاء تلف المال.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الأمین
  • المدعی
  • الدفاع
  • الادعاء المتقابل
  • الفقه الإسلامی

Full Text

در دست اقدام ....

References

  1. al-ʿĀmilī, Ḥassan Ibn Zayn al-Dīn. 1992/1413. Masālik al-Afhām ʼilā Tanqīḥ Sharāʼiʻ al-Islām. Qum: Muʾassasat al-Maʻārif al-Islāmīyya.
  2. al-ʻĀmilī, Zayn al-Dīn Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shahīd al-Thānī). 2012/1434. al-Rawḍat al-Bahīyya fī Sharḥ al-Lumʻat al-Dimashqīyya. 2nd. Qom: Dār al-‘Ilm.
  3. al-Baḥrānī, Yūsuf Ibn Aḥmad (al-Muḥaqqiq al-Baḥranī). 1984/1405. al-Ḥadāʻiq al-Nāḍira fī Aḥkām al-ʻItrat al-Ṭāhira.Qom: Muʼassasat  al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
  4. al-Ḥillī, Ḥasan Ibn Yūsuf (al-ʻAllāma al-Ḥillī). 1993/1414. Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʻ. Qom: Muʼassast Āl al-Bayt li Īḥyāʻ al-Turāth.
  5. al-Ḥillī, Jaʿfar Ibn al-Ḥasan (al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī). 1997/1418. al-Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfiʿ (al-Nafiʿ fī Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʾiʿ). 6th. Qom: Muʾassasat al-MṭbūʿāT AL-Dīnīyya.
  6. al-Ḥillī, Najm al-Dīn Jaʻfar Ibn al-Ḥasan (al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī). 1987/1408. Sharāʼiʻ al-Islām fī Masāʼil al-Ḥalāl wa al-Ḥarām. Qom: Muʼassasat  Ismāʻīlīyān.
  7. al-Ḥusaynī al-Sīstānī, al-Sayyid ʻAlī. 1996/1417. Minhāj al-Ṣāliḥīn. Qom: Maktabat Ayatollāh al-Sīstānī.
  8. al-ʻIrāqī, Āqā Ḍīyāʼ al-Dīn; ‘Alī Kazāzī. 2000/1421. Kitāb al-Qaḍāʼ; Taqrīrāt Najm-Ābādī. Qom: Intishārāt Muʼasissih-yi Ma‘ārif Islāmī Imām Riḍā (‘A)
  9. Al-Kalbī al-Gharnāṭī, Abulqāsim Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad. n.d. al-Qawānīn al-Fiqhīyah.
  10. Al-Marāghī, Sayyid Mīr ‘Abd al-Fattāḥ. 1996/1417. Al-‘Anāwīn al-Fiqhīyah. Qom: Muʼassasat  al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
  11. Almāsī, Nijād-‘Alī; ‘Alīzādih, ‘Abd al-Riḍā; Karīmpūr, Ṣāfiḥ. 2016/1395. Naẓm-i ‘Umūmī dar Rūykard-i Ḥuqūqī. Fiqhī wa Jāmi‘ih Shinākhtī. Pazhūhish-hāyi Fiqhī. 12:1, 1-36.
  12. Al-Muṣṭafawī, Sayyid Muḥammad. 2003/1421. Al-Qawā‘id: Miʼat Qā‘idat Fiqhīyah. 4th. Qom: Muʼassasat  al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
  13. al-Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan. 1983/1404. Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʼiʻ al-Islām. 7th. Edited by ʻAbbās al-Qūchānī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī.
  14. Al-Shīrāzī, Ibrāhīm ibn ‘Alī. n.d.  Al-Muhadhdhab fī Fiqh al-Imām al-Shāfi‘ī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyyah.
  15. al-Siywarī al-Ḥillī, Miqdād Ibn ʻAbd Allāh (Fāḍil Miqdād). 1982/1403. Naḍd al-Qawāʼid al-Fiqhīyah ʻAlā Madhhab al-Imāmīyah. Qom: Manshūrāt Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-ʻUẓmā al-Marʻashī al-Najafī.
  16. al-Ṭabāṭabāʼī al-Ḥāʼirī, al-Sayyid ʻAlī (Ṣāḥīb al-Rīyaḍ). 1997/1418. Rīyāḍ al-Masāʼil fī Taḥqiq al-Aḥkām bī al-Dalāʼil. Qom: Muʼassasat  Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth.
  17. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī). 1967/1387. al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmīyya. 3rd. Tehran: al-Maktabat al-Murtaḍawīya li ʼIḥyaʼ al-Āthār al-Jaʻfarīyah.
  18. Charles Laing, Stephen, 2013, Two forms of the fiduciary relationship, A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Bachelor of Laws (with Honours) at the University of Otago.
  19. Ghamāmī, Majīd. 2004/1383. Da‘wā-yi Mutāqābil. Majalih-yi Dānishkadih-yi Ḥuqūq wa ‘Ulūm Sīyāsī. 66:520, 225-244.
  20. Ghamāmī, Majīd; Muḥsinī, Ḥassan. 2013/1392. Āyīn-i Dādrasī-yi Madanī Farā Millī. 3rd. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahāmī-yi Intishār.
  21. Ḥanbalī, ‘Abd al-Raḥmān ibn Aḥmad. 2012/1391. Al-Qawā‘id fī al-Fiqh al-Islāmī. n.d. Maktabat al-Kulīyat al-Azharīyah.
  22. Ḥusaynī, Sayyid Muḥammad-Riḍā. 2011/1390. Qānūn-i Madanī dar Rawīyih Qaḍāyī. 5th. Tehran : Nashr Majma‘ ‘Ilmī wa Farhanqī-yi Majd.
  23. Ibn Idrīs al-Ḥillī, Muḥammad Ibn Manṣūr ibn Aḥmad. 2008/1429. Ajwabat al-Masāʼil wa Rasāʼil fī Mukhtalaf Funūn al-Ma‘riḍah. Qom: Nashr Dalīl.
  24. Ibn Qudāmah al-Maqdisī, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh ibn Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. n.d. Al-Mughnī. Beirut: Muʻassasat al-Tārīkh al-ʻArabī.
  25. Ismā‘īlī, Muḥsin; Nasīrī, Muḥammad. 2017/1396. Pazīrish-i Qul-i Amīn dar Fiqh-i Imāmīyah wa Āyīn-i Dādrasī-yi Madanī. Majalih-yi Dīdgāh-hāyi Ḥuqūq-i Qaḍāyī, 22:79-80. 23-45.
  26. Jaʻfarī Langarūdī, Muḥammad-Jaʻfar. 2012/1391. Muḥashī Qānūn-i Madanī. 4th. Tehran: Intishārāt Ganj-i Dānish.
  27. Karīmī, ‘Abbās. 2010/1389. Āyīn-i Ḍādrasī-yi Madanī. Tehran: Majma‘ ‘Ilmī wa Farhangī Majd.
  28. Kāshānī, Sayyid Maḥmūd. 2009/1388. Ḥuqūq-i Madanī: Qarārdādhā-yi Wīzhih. Tehran: Nashr Mīzān.
  29. Kātūzīyān, Nāṣir. 2010/1389. Shīwih-yi Tajrubī-yi Taḥqīq dar Ḥuqūq. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahāmī-yi Intishār.
  30. Kātūzīyān, Nāṣir. 2011/1390. Dawrih-yi Muqadimātī-yi Ḥuqūq-i Madanī; Darshā-yi az ‘Uqūd-i Mu‘ayyan. 16th. Tehran: Intishārāt Ganj Dānish.
  31. Kātūzīyān, Nāṣir. 2012/1391. ‘Uqūd-i Mu‘ayyan: Mu‘āmilāt-i Mu‘awwaḍ-‘Uqūd-i Tamlīkī. 11th. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahāmī-yi Intishār.
  32. Kātūzīyān, Nāṣir. 2012/1391. Ḥuqūq-i Madanī: Naẓarīyih-yi ‘Umūmī-yi Ta‘ahudāt. 6th. Tehran: Nashr Mīzān.
  33. Kātūzīyān, Nāṣir. 2019/1398. Qānūn Madanī dar Naẓm-i Ḥuqūqī-yi Kunūnī. 58th. Tehran: Nashr Mīzān.
  34. Khudā-Bakhshī, ‘Abdullāh. 2013/1392. Mabānī-yi Fiqhī-yi Āyīn-i Dādrasī-yi Madanī wa Taʼthīr Ān dar Rawīyih Qaḍāyī. 2nd. Tehran: Shirkat-i Sahāmī-yi Intishār.
  35. Makārim Shīrāzi, Nāṣir. 1990/1411. Al-Qawā‘id al-Fiqhīyah. 3rd. Qom: Madrasi-yi Imām ʻAlī Ibn Abī Ṭālib.
  36. Matīn-Daftarī, Aḥmad. 2015/1394. Āyīn-i Ḍādrasī-yi Madanī wa Bāzargānī. 5th. Tehran: Majma‘ ‘Ilmī wa Farhangī Majd. 
  37. Mughnīyya, Muḥāmmad Jawād. 2000/1421. Fiqh al-Imām al-Ṣādiq. Qom: Muʾassasat Anṣārīyān li al-Ṭibāʿa wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ.
  38. Muḥaqqiq Dāmād, Sayyid Muṣṭafā. 2008/1387. Qawā‘id Fiqh, Bakhsh-i Qaḍāyī. 4th. Tehran: Markaz-i  Nashr-i ‘Ulūm-i Islāmī.
  39. Muḥaqqiq Dāmād, Sayyid Muṣṭafā; Qanawātī,  Jalīl; Waḥdatī-Shubayrī, Sayyid Ḥusayn; ‘Abdī-Pūr, Ibrāhīm. 2011/1390. Ḥuqūq-i Qarārdādhā dar Fiqh Imāmīyih. 3rd. Tehran: Intishārāt Samt.
  40. Muḥsinī, Ḥassan. 2015/1394. Rūykardī Taṭbīqī bar Da‘wā-yi Taqābul. Faṣlnāmih-yi Taḥqīqāt-i Ḥuqūqī.73, 167-198.
  41. Muḥsinī, Ḥassan. 2016/1395. Āyīn-i Ḍādrasī-yi Madanī-yi Farānsih. 4th. Shirkat-i Sahāmī-yi Intishār
  42. Murtaḍawī, ‘Abd al-Ḥamīd. 2013/1392. Ḥuqūq-i Ta‘ahudāt: Ta‘ahud bih Wasīlih wa Natījih. 2nd. Tehran: Intishārāt Mīzān.
  43. Mūsawī Bujnurdī, Sayyid Ḥasan. 1998/1419. Qawāʻid-i Fiqhīyyi. Qom: Nashr al-Hādī.
  44. Oudin, Martin, 2015, Evidence in Civil Law – France, First published by Institute for Local Self-Government and Public Procurement Maribor (Lex localis).
  45. Sanglajī, Muḥammad. 2005/1384. Qaḍā dar Islām. 4th. Tehran: Muʼassisi-yi Intishārāt-i wa Chāp-i Dānishgāh Tehrān (Tehran University Publisher).
  46. Shams, ‘Abdullāh. 2012/1391. Āyīn-i Dādrasī-yi Madanī. 28th. Tehran: Intishārāt Darrāk.
  47. Wāhidī, Jawād. Da‘wā-yi Mutaqābil. Majalih-yi Ḥuqūqī wa Qaḍāyī Dādgustarī-yi Jumhūrī-yi Islāmī, 1991/1370, 2, 6-21.
Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 8, Issue 4 - Serial Number 29
Articles
March 2023
Pages 199-227

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 16 December 2019
  • Revise Date: 10 January 2021
  • Accept Date: 17 January 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics