Analytical Study of the History of the Theory of Inqilāb-e Nisbat

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 Department of Islamic Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Faculty of Theology and Islamic Studies, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM)

2 null

3 Department of Jurisprudence, Faculty of Theology, Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad (FUM)

Abstract

Knowing the history of issues and theories which is proposed in sciences is very important. The present study has examined and investigated the history of the theory of inqilāb-e nisbat as an uṣūlī theory. By referring to the written fiqhī and uṣūlī sources from the earlier scholars to the era of Mullā Aḥmad Narāqī, who is known as the innovator of the theory of inqilāb-e nisbat, and analyzing some fiqhī fatwās, the way of reasoning, and criticizing the proposed views about that fiqhī branch, this result has been achieved that, based on some jurists such as Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī, ʻAllāmah al-Ḥillī, Fakhr al-Muḥaqiqqīn, Muqaddas al-Ardabīlī, Muḥaqqiq Sabzawārī and others, the method of study and resolving conflicting evidence in cases where there are more than two evidences surrounding the conflict, is the same method titled to inqilāb-e nisbat. Therefore, although according to the confession of uṣūlī scholars, this theory is attributed to Mullā Aḥmad Narāqī, which it was clearly explained and refined by him for the first time, the roots of this method can be found in the words of the predecessor scholars of fiqh and uṣūl and, sporadically, in some fiqhī branches. Thus, this theory can be considered as a theory that has a relatively suitable and strong support among scholars of fiqh and uṣūl.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

تاریخ نظریة انقلاب النسبة؛ دراسة تحلیلیة

Abstract [العربیة]

تُعتبر معرفة تاریخ الآراء والنظریات البارزة فی العلوم أمراً ضروریاً وله أهمیة فائقة. تناولت المقالة هذه دراسة تاریخ نظریة انقلاب النسبة وبحثها کنظریة أصولیة .

عند الرجوع إلى مصادر الفقه والأصول المکتوبة منذ زمن الفقهاء والأصولیین المتقدمین إلى عهد الملا أحمد النراقی المعروف بأنه هو مبدع نظریة انقلاب النسبة، وتحلیل بعض الفتاوى الفقهیة ونهج الاستدلال ونقد الآراء التی أثیرت فی هذا الفرع الفقهی، نصل إلى النتیجة التالیة:

-إن طریقة دراسة وحل الأدلة المتعارضة فی المسائل التی یکون فیها التعارض بین أکثر من دلیلین، عند بعض الفقهاء مثل الشیخ الطوسی، والمحقق الحلی، والعلامة الحلی، وفخر المحققین، والمقدس الأردبیلی والمحقق السبزواری وآخرون، هی نفس الطریقة التقلیدیة المتعلقة بانقلاب النسبة.

لذلک ورغم أن هذه النظریة منسوبة إلى الملا أحمد النراقی، حسب اعتراف علماء الأصول، فهو الذی شرحها ونقّحها بوضوح لأول مرة، لکن جذور هذه الطریقة تتجلى فی الأقوال المبعثرة لعلماء الفقه والأصول المتقدمین وفی بعض الفروع الفقهیة، لذلک، یمکن اعتبار هذه النظریة ذات خلفیة مناسبة نسبیًا وقویًة بین الفقهاء والأصولیین.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • انقلاب النسبة
  • التعارض بین أکثر من دلیلین
  • النسبة بین الأدلة المتعارضة

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 9, Issue 1 - Serial Number 30
Articles
May 2023
Pages 39-64

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History

  • Receive Date: 20 March 2021
  • Revise Date: 19 May 2021
  • Accept Date: 19 May 2021

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