Jurisprudential Analysis of Saving and Treating Animals from the Perspective of the Shīʻa and Sunnī

Document Type : Research (Fast Track Review)

Authors

1 Graduated Student of Level Four & Instructor of First Level of Khorasan Seminary.Mashhad - Iran

2 Instructor of Advaned Level Studies of Mashhad Seminary & Assistant Professor of Akhūnd Khorāsani Specialized Center;

Abstract

The concern of Islamic jurisprudence to save and treat human lives is not unknown to anyone, but the extent of concern of jurisprudence to save and treat animals and the permissibility of spending Beyt al-Māl (public treasury) in this regard is questionable. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study by virtue of jurisprudence sources, referring to written documents, and based on valid and jurisprudential evidence from the perspective of the two major sects (of Shīʻa and Sunnī)has studied saving the life of an animal, the realm of rescue, and the use of public treasury in preserving, treating, and rescuing animals. Studies showed that it is obligatory to save the life of a respectable animal. Agreed certitude in the realm of animal rescue, includes domestic animals with financial value and the animal that is at the disposal of humans. But in the current era, not saving most of the wild animals which are used for scientific and research purposes, for the preservation of natural wildlife, or for other legal intended interests, is considered a waste of property. Even the impurity of disrespectful animals does not prevent them from being saved. Also, it is obligatory to preserve endangered animals and it is forbidden to slaughter them even for eating. Establishment of animal protection institutions, medical services for animals, combating animal abuse, training and maintenance of rescue animals, etc. are allowed to spent from the public treasury expenditures, but in some cases, they must be spent from the public treasury.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

إنقاذ الحیوانات ومعالجتها من وجهة نظر الفریقین... دراسة فقهیة

Abstract [العربیة]

إن اهتمام الفقه الإسلامی وحرصه على إنقاذ الإنسان ومعالجته لا یخفى على أحد، ولکن مدى حرصه على إنقاذ الحیوانات ومعالجتها، وجواز صرف شیء من بیت المال فی هذا الصدد، هو مکان للتأمل والتساؤل.

تناولت هذه الدراسة وباستخدام المنهج الوصفی – التحلیلی والاعتماد علی مصادر الفقه والرجوع إلی المستندات المکتوبة، موضوع إنقاذ الحیوان، ومجال ودائرة الإنقاذ و صرف بیت مال المسلمین فی حفظ ومعالجة وإنقاذ الحیوانات، وذلک استناداً إلى الأدلة المعتبرة والشواهد الفقهیة من وجهة نظر الفریقین.

أظهرت الدراسة وجوب إنقاذ حیاة الحیوانات.

إن القدر المتیقن فی دائرة إنقاذ الحیوانات یشمل الحیوانات الألیفة ذات القیمة المالیة والتی تکون تحت تصرف الإنسان، لکن فی العصر الحالی، یعتبر عدم إنقاذ معظم الحیوانات البریة إهدارًا للممتلکات بسبب استخدامها فی الأمور العلمیة والبحثیة، أو الحفاظ على الحیاة البریة الطبیعیة، أو غیرها من الفوائد المقصودة المحللة. وحتى نجاسة الحیوانات غیر المحترمة لا تمنع إنقاذها. کما یجب المحافظة على الحیوانات المهددة بالانقراض، ویحرم ذبحها حتى للأکل.

کما یجوز إنشاء مؤسسات حمایة الحیوانات والخدمات الطبیة لها، ومکافحة العنف ضد الحیوانات، وتدریب وصیانة حیوانات الإنقاذ وما إلى ذلک؛ من مصارف بیت المال، بل فی بعض الحالات، یجب إنفاقها من بیت المال.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الإغاثة والإنقاذ
  • إنقاذ الحیوان
  • النفس المحترمة
  • المال المحترم
  • حفظ الحیوان

Full Text

به فایل کلی مقالات مراجعه نمایید.

References

  1. The Holy Qurʼān.

    1. Ibn Idrīs al-Ḥillī, Muḥammad Ibn Aḥmad. 1996/1410. al-Sarāʻir al-Ḥāwī li Taḥrīr al-Fatāwī. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    2. Ibn Bābiwayh al-Qommī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq). 1992/1413. Man Lā Yahḍuruh al-Faqīh. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nash al-Islamī li Jmāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    3. Ibn Bābiwayh al-Qommī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq). 1994/1415. Al-Muqniʻ. n.p. Muʼasissat al-Imām al-Hādī (a).
    4. Ibn Barrāj, ʻAbdulazīz. 1985/1406. Al-Muhadhab. n.p. Muʼassasat al-Nash al-Islamī li Jmāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    5. Ibn Baṭṭāl, Khalaf ibn ʻAbd al-Malik. 2003/1423. Sharḥ Ṣaḥīḥ Bukhārī. 2nd. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Rushd.
    6. Ibn Ḥazm, Abū Muḥammad. n.d. al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr al-Islāmīyyah
    7. Ibn ʻAbd Rabbah, Abū ʻAmr Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. n.d. al-ʻAqd al-Farīd.
    8. Ibn Fārīs, Aḥmad Ibn Fārīs. n.d. Muʻjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha. Edited by ʻAbd al-salam Muḥammad Harūn. Qom: Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb-i Qom (Intishārāt-i Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī-yi Ḥawzi-yī ʻIlmīyyi-yi Qom).
    9. Ibn Qudāmah al-Maqdisī, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh ibn Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. 1968/1388. Al-Muqniʻ fī Fiqh Aḥmad ibn Ḥanbal. Cairo: Maktabat al-Qāhirah.
    10. Ibn Mufliḥ, Ibrāhīm ibn Muḥammad. 1997/1418. Al-Mubdiʻ Sharḥ al-Muqniʻ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah.
    11. Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad Ibn Mukarram. 1993/1414. Lisān al-ʻArab. 3rd. Beirut: Dār al-Fīkr.
    12. al-Anṣārī, Murtaḍā Ibn Muḥammad Amin (al-Shaykh al-Anṣārī). 2002/1381. Kitāb al-Makāsib.Nashr Ārmūs..
    13. Āl ʻUṣfūr al-Baḥrānī, Ḥusayn Ibn Muḥāmmad. n.d. al-Anwār al-Lāmiʻ fī Sharḥ Mafātīḥ al-Sharāʻiʻ. Edited by Muḥsin Āl-i ʻUṣfūr al-Baḥrānī. Qom: Majmaʻ al-Buḥūth al-ʻIlmīyya.
    14. al-Baḥrānī, Yūsuf Ibn Aḥmad (al-Muḥaqqiq al-Baḥrānī). 1984/1363. al-Ḥadāʻiq al-Nāḍira fī Aḥkām al-ʻItrat al-Ṭāhira. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    15. Al-Bukhārī, Muḥammad ibn Ismāʻīl. 2001/1422. Al-Jāmiʻ al-Musnad al-Ṣaḥīḥ al-Mukhtaṣar min Umūr Rasūl Allāh wa Sunnanih wa Ayyāmih. Edited by Muḥammad Zahīr ibn Nāṣir al-Nāṣir. Beirut: Dār Ṭawq al-Nijāt.
    16. al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī al-Burūjirdī, al-Sayyid Ḥusayn. 1994/1415. Jāmiʼ al-Aḥādīth al-Shī‘ah. Qom: Mihr.
    17. Bahmanī, Afshār & other writers. 2016/1395. Zīst Shināsī. Shirkat-i Chāp wa Naashr-i Kitāb-hāyi Darsī-yi Iran.
    18. Buhūtī, Manṣūr ibn Yūsuf. Kashāf al-Qināʻ ʻAn Matn al-ʼIqnāʻ. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Naṣr al-Ḥaditha.
    19. Jāḥiẓ, ʻAmr ibn Baḥr. 2003/1424. Al-Ḥaywān. 2nd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah.
    20. Jubrān Masʻūd. 1982. Al-Rāʼid al-Ṣaghīr. Beirut: Dār al-ʻIlm lil Malāyīn.
    21. Al-Jazīrī, ʻAbd al-Raḥmān ibn Muḥammad. 2003/1424. Al-Fiqh ʻAlā al-Madhāhib al-Arbaʻat wa Madhhab Ahl al-Bayt. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah.
    22. A Group of Writers. 2009/1430. Fatāwā al-Shabakat al-Islāmīyah.
    23. Ḥabībī, Ṭalʻat. 2019/1398. Zīst Shināsī-yi ʻUmūmī. Tehran: Tehran University.
    24. al-Ḥur al-ʻĀmilī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan. 1998/1409. Tafṣīl Wasāʻil al-Shīʻa ilā Taḥṣīl al-Masāʼil al-Sharīʻa. Qom: Muʼassasat Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʼ al-turāth.
    25. al-Ḥusaynī al-ʻAmilī, al-Sayyid Muḥammad Jawād. n.d. Miftāḥ al-Kirāma fī Sharḥ Qwāʻid al-ʻAllāma. Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī.
    26. al-Ḥalabī, Abū al-Ṣalāḥ Taqī al-Dīn Ibn Najm al-Dīn. 1982/1403. al-Kāfī fī al-Fiqh. Edited by Riḍā al-ʻUstādi. Iṣfahān: Maktabat al-Imām Amīr al-Muʻminīn ʻAli.
    27. al-Ḥillī, Ḥasan Ibn Yūsuf (al-ʻAllāma al-Ḥillī). n.d. Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʻ. Qom: al-Maktabat al-Murtaḍawīya li ʼIḥyaʼ al-Āthār al-Jaʻfarīyah.
    28. al-Ḥillī, Ḥasan Ibn Yūsuf (al-ʻAllāma al-Ḥillī). 1992/1413. Qawāʻid al-Aḥkām fī Maʻrifat al-Ḥalāl wa al-Ḥarām. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    29. al-Ḥillī, Ḥasan Ibn Yūsuf (al-ʻAllāma al-Ḥillī). 1993/1414. Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʻ. Qom: Muʼassast Āl al-Bayt li Īḥyāʻ al-Turāth.
    30. al-Ḥillī, Najm al-Dīn Jaʻfar Ibn al-Ḥasan (al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ḥillī). 1987/1408. Sharāʻiʻ al-Islām fī Masāʼil al-Ḥalāl wa al-Ḥarām. Qom: Muʼassasat Ismāʻīlīyān.
    31. al-Ḥillī, Yaḥyā ibn Saʻīd. 1984/1405. Al-Jāmiʻ lil Sharāyiʿ. Edited by a Group of Reseachers under the Supervision of Shaykh Jaʻfar Subḥānī. Qom: Muʼasissat Sayyid al-Shuhadāʼ al-ʻIlmīyah.
    32. al-Mūsawī al-Khumaynī, al-Ṣayyid Rūḥ Allāh (al-Imām al-Khumaynī). 1963/1384. Taḥrīr al-Wasīlah. Qom: Dār al-ʻIlm.
    33. Al-Dubyān, Abū ʻUmar Dubyān ibn Muḥammad. 2011/1432. Al-Muʻāmilāt al-Mālīyat ʼIṣālat wa Muʻāṣirah. 2nd. Riyadh: Maktabat al-Makik Fahad al-Waṭanīyah.
    34. Dumayrī, Muḥammad ibn Mūsā. n.d. Ḥayāt al-Ḥaywān al-Kubrā. Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah.
    35. Dehkhudā, ʻAlī Akbar. 1994/1373. Lughat Nāmi-yi Dihkhudā. Tehran: Nashr Ruzaneh.
    36. Al-Rāghib Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad. 1991/1412. Mufradāt al-Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Dār al-Shāmīyah.
    37. al-Rāfiʿī, ʿAbd al-Karīm. 1997/1417. al-ʿAzīz bi Sharḥ al-Wajīz. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah.
    38. al-Ḥusaynī al-Rawḥānī, al-Sayyid Ṣadiq. 1991/1412. Fiqh al-Ṣādiq. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Imām al-Sādiq.
    39. Zāriʻ, Zahrā. 2017/1396. Uṣūl-i Radih Bandī-yi Jāndārān wa Wīzhigīhā-yi Kullī-yi Ānhā. Anjuman-i Muʻalimān.
    40. al-Zuḥaylī, Wahbah Musṭafā. n.d. al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adillatuhū. Demasces: Dār al-Fikr.
    41. al-Sabzawārī, al-Sayyid ʿAbd al-Aʿlā. 1988/1409. Mawāhib al-Raḥmān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʼān. Beirut: Muʼasissat Ahl al-Bayt.
    42. al-Sabzawārī, al-Sayyid ʿAbd al-Aʿlā. n.d. Muhaḍhḍhab al-Aḥkām fī Bayān al-Ḥalāl wa al-Ḥarām. Qom: Dār al-Tafsīr.
    43. al-Sabzawārī, al-Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir (al-Muḥaqqiq al-Sabzawārī). 2002/1423. Kifāyat al-Fiqh (Kifāyat al-Aḥkām). Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    44. Abū Ḥabīb, Saʻdī. 1987/1408. Al-Qāmūs al-Fiqhī Luqatan wa Iṣṭilāḥan. 2nd. Damascus: Dār al-Fīkr.
    45. Al-Sayyid Sābiq. 1997/1397. Fiqh al-Sunna. 3rd. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻArabī.
    46. al-Sharbīnī, Muḥammad. n.d. al-Iqnāʻ fī Ḥall al-Fāẓ Abī Shujāʻ. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
    47. AL-shawkānī, Muḥammad ibn ʻAlī ibn Muḥammad. 1992/1413. Nīl al-Awṭār min Aḥādīth Sayyid al-Akhyār Sharḥ Muntaqī al-Akhbār. Cario: al-Maktabat al-Tawfīqīyah.
    48. al-Ḥusaynī al-Shīrāzī, al-Sayyid Muḥammad. 1999/1420. Al-Fiqh al-Bayyinah. Beirut: Muʼasissat al-Waʻy al-Islāmī.
    49. al-Ṭabāṭabāʼī al-Yazdī, al-Sayyid Muḥammad Kāẓim. 1996/1417. al-ʻUrwat al-Wuthqā fīmā Taʻummu bihī al-Balwā. Qom: Muʼassasat  al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    50. al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn (al-ʿAllāma al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī). 1972/1393. al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-ʼAʻlamī lil Maṭbūʻāt.
    51. al-Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn Ibn Muḥammad. 1983/1362. Majmaʻ al-Baḥrayn. 2nd. Tehran: al-Maktabat al-Murtaḍawīyya li Iḥyāʼ al-Āthār al-Jaʻfarīyya.
    52. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī). 1986/1365. Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʻat lil Shaykh al-Mufīd. Edited by Sayyid Ḥasan Khurāsānī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya.
    53. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī). 1967/1387. al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmīyya. 3rd. Tehran: al-Maktabat al-Murtaḍawīya li ʼIḥyaʼ al-Āthār al-Jaʻfarīyah.
    54. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī). 1969/1390. Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʻat lil Shaykh al-Mufīd. 3rd. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya.
    55. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī).1979/1400. al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā. Beirut: Dār al-Kitāb al-ʻArabī.
    56. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī). 1986/1407. Al-Khilāf. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    57. al-ʿĀmilī, Zayn al-Dīn Ibn ʿAlī (al-Shahīd al-Thānī). 2007/1386. al-Rawḍat al-Bahīyya fī Sharḥ al-Lumʿat al-Dimashqīyya. Qom: Manshūrāt Jāmiʿat al-Najaf al-Dīnīyya.
    58. al-ʻĀmilī, Zayn al-Dīn Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shahīd al-Thānī). 1992/1413. Masālik al-Afhām ilā Tanqiḥ Sharāʻiʻ al-Islām. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Maʻārif al-Islāmīyya.
    59. al-ʻĀmilī al-Karakī, ʻAlī Ibn al-Ḥusayn (al-Muḥaqqiq al-Karakī, al-Muḥaqqiq al-Thānī). 1993/1414. Jamiʻ al-Maqāṣid fī Sharḥ al-Qawaʻid. 2nd. Qom: Muʼassasat Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʼ al-Turath.
    60. al-ʻĀmilī, Muḥammad Ibn Makkī (al-Shahīd al-Awwal). 1998/1419. Ḍhikrā al-Shīʻa fī Aḥkām al-Sharīʻa. Qom: Muʼassasat Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth.
    61. ʻAlīridāyī, Jawād. 2013/1392. Istiftāʼāt-i Imdād wa Nijāt az Dīdgāh-i Marājiʻ Taqlīd. 1st.
    62. Al-Rāzī al-Ṭabaristānī, Fakhr al-Dīn. 1994/1415. Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī.
    63. Al-Fāḍil al-Hindī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. 1995/1416. Kashf al-Lithām wa al-Ibhām ʻan Qawāʻid al-Aḥkām. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarr.
    64. Al-Farāhīdī, Khalīl ibn Aḥmad. 1989/1409. Kitāb al-ʻAyn. 2nd. Qom: Muʼassasat Dār al-Hijra.
    65. Fīrūz Ābādī, Majd al-Dīn Muḥammad ibn Yaʻqūb. 1995/1415. Qāmūs al-Muḥīṭ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah.
    66. Al-Fayyūmī, Abul ʻAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. n.d. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr fī Sharḥ al-Kabīr lil Rāfiʻī. Beirut: Maktabat al-ʻIlmīyah.
    67. al-Kulaynī al-Rāzī, Muḥammad Ibn Yaʻqūb (al-Shaykh al-Kulayni). 1987/1407. Uṣūl al-Kāfī. Edited by ʻAlī Akbar Ghaffārī and Muḥammad Ākhundī. 4th. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah.
    68. Muttaqī al-Hindī, ʻAlāʼ al-Dīn ʻAlī ibn Ḥisām al-Dīn. 1980/1401. Kanz al-ʻUmmal fī Sunnan al-Aqwāl wa al-Afʻāl. Beirut: Muʼasassat al-Risālah.

    69. al-Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir (al-ʻAllama al-Majlisī). 1983/1404. Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʻa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʻimma al-Aṭhār. Beirut: Muʼasissat al-Wafāʼ.

    70. al-Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir (al-ʻAllama al-Majlisī). 1983/1404. Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʻa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʻimma al-Aṭhār. Beirut: Muʼasissat al-Wafāʼ.

    71. Muḥaqqiq Dāmād, Sayyid Muṣṭafā. 1985/1406. Qawāʻid-i Fiqh. 12th. Tehran: Makaz-i Nashr-i ʿUlūm-i Islāmī.
    72. Muḥammadī Yegānih, Shāhīn; Rād Qumshī, Bīzhan Yāwar; Ṣidīqī, Muḥammad ʻAlī. 2006/1385. Majmūʻih-yi Dānish-i Fannī-yi Justijū wa Nijāt, Kitāb Panjum, Funūn-i Nijāt dar Muqābil-i Āwārhā-yi Sākhtimān. Muʼasissih-yi Āmūzish Ālī ʻIlmī-Kārburdī-yi Hilāl-i Iran.
    73. Muṣṭafawī, Sayyid Ḥasan. 2001/1380. Tafsīr-i Rushan. Tehran: Markaz-i Nashr-i Kitāb.
    74. al-Ardabīlī, Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad (al-Muḥaqqiq al-Ardabīlī). n.d. Majmaʻ al-Fāʻida wa al-Burhān fī Sharḥ Īrshād al-Aḍhhān. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    75. Ibn Qudāmah al-Maqdīsī, Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Muḥammad ʿAbdullāh b. Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. n.d. al-Sharḥ al-Kabīr ʻAlā Matn Al-Mughnī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻArabī.
    76. Al-Makārim al-Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. 2003/1424. Kitāb al-Nikāḥ. Qom: Madrasi-yi Imām ʻAlī Ibn Abī Ṭālib.
    77. al-Mūsawī al-ʻĀmilī, al-Sayyid Muḥammad (Ṣāḥīb al-Madārik).1992/1413. Nihāyat al-Marām fī Sharḥ Mokhtaṣar Sharāʻiʻ al-Islām. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    78. al-Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan. 1987/1366. Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʻiʻ al-Islām. 2nd. Al-Maktabat al-Islāmīyah.
    79. al-Narāqī, Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad Mahdī (al-Fāẓil al-Narāqī). n.d. Mustanad al-Shīʻa fī Aḥkām al-Sharīʻa. Qom: Muʼassasat Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth.
    80. al-Nūrī al-Ṭabrasī, al-Mīrzā Ḥusayn (al-Muḥaddith al-Nūrī). 1987/1408. Mustadrak al-Wasāʻil wa Mustanbaṭ al-Masāʻil. Qom: Muʼassasat Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth.
    81. Al-Nawawī, Abū Zakarīyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf. 2013/1392. Sharḥ al-Nawawī ʻAlā Muslim. 2nd. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī.
    82. Al-Nawawī, Abū Zakarīyā Muḥyī al-Dīn Yaḥyā ibn Sharaf. n.d. Al-Majmūʻ Sharḥ al-Muhadhab. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr.
    83. Rād Qumshī, Bīzhan Yāwar. 2016/1395. Dāyirat al-Maʻārif-i Mudīrīyat-i Buḥrān. Tehran: Muʼasissih-yi Āmūzish Ālī ʻIlmī-Kārburdī-yi Hilāl-i Iran.
Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 9, Issue 2 - Serial Number 31
Articles
August 2023
Pages 131-173

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 09 June 2021
  • Revise Date: 03 January 2022
  • Accept Date: 04 January 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics