The Characteristics of Knowing Iftā’ī Narrations from Ta’līmī

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 Doctoral student of Department of Education, Faculty of Theology, Ferdowsi University

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Theology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

3 Ferdowsi university of mashhad

Abstract

One of the divisions proposed in connection with the narration is its division into iftā’ī and ta’līmī. Iftā’ī narration refers to the narration that only expresses the current duty of the questioner. On the other hand, there are ta’līmī traditions that express the general ruling for the purpose of training jurists (fuqahā) and master jurists (mujtahidīn). One of the most important issues regarding this division is to provide characteristics that can be used to distinguish between taʻlīmī and iftā’ī narratives. By using the descriptive-analytical method and through sampling in the book Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām of Shaykh al-Ṭūsī, this study has tried to present the most important characteristics of knowing these two categories of narrations. This study has concluded that the four main characteristics of the narrator’s attributes, the conditions of the time of issuing the narration, the content of the narration, and the use of the ta’līm style, are the most important characteristics for understanding ta’līmī narrations. It is worth noting that all these characteristics are used as a witness for being ta’līmī and it is necessary for a person to be sure of these things in order to be able to apply the rulings of ta’līmī narrations.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

شواهد التمییز بین الروایات الإفتائیة والتعلیمیة

Abstract [العربیة]

من التقسیمات الموجودة فی علم الحدیث تقسیم الروایات إلى إفتائیة وتعلیمیة، ویطلق مفهوم الروایات الإفتائیة على الروایات الصادرة لمجرد بیان الوظیفة الفعلیة للسائل، فی مقابل الروایات التعلیمیة التی تبین الحکم العام والکلی بقصد تربیة الفقهاء والمجتهدین وتعلیمهم.
من أهم الأمور المتعلقة بهذا التقسیم هو إیجاد الشواهد والعناصر التی تمکننا من التمییز والفصل بین الروایات الإفتائیة والأخرى التعلیمیة.
عمدنا فی هذا البحث القائم على المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، وعبر العثور على النماذج المناسبة ودراستها فی کتاب التهذیب للشیخ الطوسی، إلى تحدید أهم الشواهد والعناصر الممیزة بین هذین النوعین من الروایات. وفی النهایة وصلنا إلى نتیجة مفادها وجود أربعة شواهد أساس ممیزة فی هذا الصدد؛ وهی: صفات الراوی، وظروف زمان صدور الروایة، ومضمون الروایة، واستخدام أسلوب التعلیم، وعلى الباحث أن یتأکد من توفر هذه العناصر الممیزة لیتمکن من تطبیق أحکام الروایات التعلیمیة.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الروایات الإفتائیة
  • الروایات التعلیمیة
  • شواهد الروایات التعلیمة
  • أسلوب التعلیم
  • فقاهة الراوی

Full Text

به فایل PDF مراجعه نمایید.

References

  1. The Holy Qurʼān.

    1. Ibn Abī al-Ḥadīd, ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd ibn Hibatullāh. 1983/1404. Sharḥ Nahj al-Balāghah. Qom: Manshūrāt Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-ʻUẓmā al-Marʻashī al-Najafī.
    2. Ibn Barrāj, ʻAbdulazīz. 1985/1406. Al-Muhadhab. Qom. Muʼassasat al-Nash al-Islamī li Jmāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    3. Al-Irbilī, Abī al-Ḥassan ʻAlī ibn ʻĪsā. 1965/1385. Kashf al-Ghummat fī Maʻrifat al-ʼAʼimmah. Tabrīz: Manshūrāt Banī Hāshimī.
    4. Al-Ashʻarī al-Qommī, Ḥassan ibn Muḥammad Ḥassan. 2006/1385. Tārīkh Qom. Qom: Manshūrāt Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-ʻUẓmā al-Marʻashī al-Najafī.
    5. Al-Iṣfahānī, al-Mīrzā Mahdī. 2019/1398. Al-Iftāʼ wa al-Taqlīd, al-Mawāhib al-Sanīyat al-Ṣawārim al-ʻAqlīyah. Qom: Muʾassisi-yi Dāʾirat al-Maʿārif-i Fiqh-i Islāmī bar Ṭibq-i Maḍhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt.
    6. al-Anṣārī, Murtaḍā Ibn Muḥammad Amin (al-Shaykh al-Anṣārī). 1994/1415. Kitāb al-Makāsib. Qom: al-Muʻtamar al-ʻĀlamī Bimunasabat al-Ḍhikrā al-Miʻawīyya al-Thānīyya li Mīlād al-Shaykh al-Aʻẓam al-Anṣārī.
    7. al-Anṣārī, Murtaḍā Ibn Muḥammad Amin (al-Shaykh al-Anṣārī). 1994/1415. Kitāb al-Ṭahārat. Qom: al-Muʻtamar al-ʻĀlamī Bimunasabat al-Ḍhikrā al-Miʻawīyya al-Thānīyya li Mīlād al-Shaykh al-Aʻẓam al-Anṣārī.
    8. al-Mūsawī al-Bujnurdī, al-Sayyid Ḥasan. 1998/1419. al-Qawāʻid al-Fiqhīya. Qom: Nashr al-Hādī.
    9. al-Ṭabāṭabāʼī al-Burūjirdī, al-Sayyid Ḥusayn. 1995/1416. Al-Badr al-Zāhir fī Ṣalāt al-Jumʻat wa al-Musāfir. 3rd. Qom: The office of the Author.
    10. Tamaddun, Ḥamīd Riḍā & ʻAzīzpūr, Ḥusayn. 2020/1399. Tafkīk-i Riwāyāt-i Iftāʼī wa Taʻlīmī, Qawāʻid wa Namūnih-hā. Āʼīnih-yi Pazhūhish
    11. Al-Thaqafī, Ibrāhim ibn Saʻīd ibn Hilāl. 1974/1395. Al-Ghārāt. Tehran: Anjuman-i Āthār-i Millī.
    12. Jabbārī, Muḥammad Riḍā. 2009/1382. Sāzimān-i Wikālat wa Naqsh-i Ān dar ʻAṣr-i Aʼimmah (ʻA). Qom: Muʼasissi-yi Āmūzishī wa Pazhūhishī-yi Imām Khumaynī (ra).
    13. A Gruop of Researchers. n.d. Majalih-yi Fiqh-i Ahl al-Bayt. Qom: Muʼasisih-yi Dāʼirat al-Maʻārif al-Islāmī bar Madhhab-i Ahl al-Bayt (ʻA).
    14. Jannātī, Muḥammad Ibrāhīm. 2007/1386. Taṭawwur-i Ijtihād dar Ḥawzih-yi Istinbāṭ. Tehran: Nashr Amīr Kabīr. Ḥāʼirī, Sayyid Kāẓim. 2016/1395. Barrasī-yi Barkhī az Shurūṭ-i ʻAqd-i Beyʻ, Tanjīz, Taṭābuq beyn-i Iījāb wa Qabūl, bī Athar Būdan-I Inshāʼ-i Ibtidāʼī. Fiqh Ahl al-Bayt (ʻA), 87, 5-25.
    15. al-Ḥalabī, Abū al-Ṣalāḥ Taqī al-Dīn Ibn Najm al-Dīn. 1982/1403. al-Kāfī fī al-Fiqh. Edited by Riḍā al-ʻUstādi. Iṣfahān: Maktabat al-Imām Amīr al-Muʻminīn ʻAli.
    16. Rabbānī Gulpāyigānī, ʻAlī. 2014/1393. Talāzum-i Ḥukm-i ʻAql wa Sharʻ. Qabasāt, 71, 5-26.
    17. al-Subḥānī al-Tabrīzī, Jaʿfar. 1998/1419. Tārīkh al-Fiqh al-Islāmī wa Adwārih. Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʼ.
    18. al-Ḥusaynī al-Sīstānī, al-Sayyid ʻAlī. 2019/1441. Taʻāruḍ al-Adillat wa Ikhtilāf al-Ḥadīth. Qom: Muʼassasat Ismāʻīlīyān.
    19. Shākirī, Balāl. 2018/1397. Ḍābiṭihmand Sāzī-yi Qāʻidih-yi Ibāʼ az Takhṣīṣ. Justārhā-yi Fiqhī wa Uṣūlī.
    20. Shab Zindihdār, Mahdī. 2014/1393. Dars al-Khārij. Published in: https://fa.mfeb.ir/osulsh-67/.
    21. al-Shubayrī al-Zanjānī, Sayyid Jawād. 2016/1395. Dars al-Khārij. Published in: https://www.eshia.ir/feqh/archive/text/shobeiry_mohammad/feqh/95/950703/
    22. Al-Shūshtarī, Muḥammad Taqī. 1990/1411. Qāmūs al-Rijāl. 2nd. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    23. al-ʻĀmilī, Muḥammad Ibn Makkī (al-Shahīd al-Awwal). 1997/1417. al-Durūs al-Sharʻīyya fī Fiqh al-Imāmīyya. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    24. al-ʻĀmilī, Zayn al-Dīn Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shahīd al-Thānī). 1998/1419. Dhikrī al-Shīʻat fī Aḥkām al-Sharīʻat. Muʼasassat Āl al-Bayt Li Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth.
    25. al-ʻĀmilī, Zayn al-Dīn Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shahīd al-Thānī). 2000/1421. Rasāʼil al-Shahīd al-Thānī. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    26. al-ʻĀmilī, Zayn al-Dīn Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shahīd al-Thānī). 1992/1413. Masālik al-Afhām ilā Tanqiḥ Sharāʻiʻ al-Islām. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Maʻārif al-Islāmīyya.
    27. al-Shahīdī, Muḥammad Taqī. 2018/1397. Dars al-Khārij. Published in: https://www.eshia.ir/feqh/archive/text/shahidi/feqh/97/970612 /
    28. al-Shahīdī, Muḥammad Taqī. 2018/1397. Dars al-Khārij. Published in: https://www.eshia.ir/feqh/archive/text/shahidi/feqh/97/970822.
    29. Ibn Bābiwayh al-Qommī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq). 1999/1378. ʻUyūn Akhbār al-Riḍā (ʻA). 1st. Tehran: Nashr Jahān.
    30. Ibn Bābiwayh al-Qommī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq). 2006/1385. ʻIlal al-Sharaʻiʻ. Qom: Maktabat al-Dāwarī.
    31. Ibn Bābiwayh al-Qommī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq).1992/1413. Man Lā Yahḍuruh al-Faqīh. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nash al-Islamī li Jmāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    32. al-Ṭabāṭabāʼī al-Qommī, Taqī. 1992/1371. Ārāʼunā fī Uṣūl al-Fiqh. Qom: Intishārāt Muhallātī.
    33. al-Ṭabāṭabāʼī, Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn. 2008/1387. Maʻnawīyat-i Tashayuʻ bih Ḍamīmih-yi Chand Maqālih-yi Dīgar. Qom: Tashayuʻ
    34. al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī, al-Sayyid Muḥammad Ḥusayn (al-ʿAllāma al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī). 1970/1390. al-Mīzān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān. Beirut: Muʾassasat al-ʼAʻlamī lil Maṭbūʻāt.
    35. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī). 1986/1407. Tahdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʻat lil Shaykh al-Mufīd. Edited by Sayyid Ḥasan Khurāsānī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya.
    36. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī). 2006/1427. Rijāl al-Ṭūsī. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nash al-Islamī li Jmāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    37. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī). 1970/1390. Al-Istibṣār fīmā Ikhtalafa min Akhbār. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah.
    38. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī). 1986/1407. Al-Khilāf. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    39. al-Ṭūsī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan (al-Shaykh al-Ṭūsī). 1990/1411. Al-Ghaybat. Qom: Dār al-Maʻrifa al-Islāmīyah.
    40. al-Ḥurr al-ʻĀmilī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan. 1988/1409. Tafṣīl Wasāʼil al-Shīʻa ilā Taḥṣīl al-Masāʼil al-Sharīʻa. Qom: Muʼassasat Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʼ a-lturāth.
    41. al-Ḥurr al-ʻĀmilī, Muḥammad Ibn Ḥasan. 1982/1403. Al-Fawāʼid al-Ṭūsīyah. Qom: Chāpkhānih-yi ʻIlmīyah.
    42. al-Mūsawī al-ʿĀmilī, al-Sayyid Muḥammad (Ṣāḥīb al-Madārik). 1990/1411. Madārik al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. Beirut: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth.
    43. Al-ʻAṭārudī al-Qūchānī, ʻAzīzullāh. 1989/1368. Musnad al-Imām al-Jawād (ʻA). Mashhad: al-Muʾtamar al-ʿālamī li al-Imām al-Riḍā.
    44. Al-ʻAṭārudī al-Qūchānī, ʻAzīzullāh. 1989/1368. Musnad al-Imām al-ʻAskarī (ʻA). Mashhad: al-Muʾtamar al-ʿālamī li al-Imām al-Riḍā.
    45. Al-ʻAṭārudī al-Qūchānī, ʻAzīzullāh. 1989/1368. Musnad al-Imām al-Hādī (ʻA). Mashhad: al-Muʾtamar al-ʿālamī li al-Imām al-Riḍā.
    46. ʻAẓīmī, Ḥabībullāh. 2006/1385. Tārīkh-i Fiqh wa Fuqahā. Tehran: Intishārāt Asāṭīr.
    47. al-Ḥillī, Ḥasan Ibn Yūsuf (al-ʻAllāma al-Ḥillī). 1992/1413. Qawāʻid al-Aḥkām fī Maʻrifat al-Ḥalāl wa al-Ḥarām. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    48. ʻAlīdūst, Abulqāsim. 2004/1383. Maqālih-yi Nafyi Sabīl. Maqālāt wa Barrasīhā, 85, 231-254.
    49. Gharawī, Sayyid Saʻīdah & Tabrīzī Zādih Iṣfahānī, Rāḍīyah. 2017/1396. Barrasī-yi Uslūbhā-yi Taʻlīm wa Fatwā dar Bayān-i Aḥkām wa Naqsh-i Ān dar Ikhtilāf wa Taʻāruz-i Riwāyāt. ʻUlūm-i Ḥadīth, 22 (85), 146-168.
    50. Al-Kashshī, Muḥammad ibn ʻUmar ibn ʻAbd al-ʻAzīz. 1988/1409. IkhtīyarMaʻrifat al-Rijāl (Rijāl al-Kashshī). Qom: Muʼassasat Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth.
    51. al-Kulaynī al-Rāzī, Muḥammad Ibn Yaʻqūb (al-Shaykh al-Kulayni). 1987/1407. al-Kāfī. 4th. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyah.
    52. Gurjī, Abulqāsim. 1992/1371. Aṣl-i Ṣiḥat-i ʻAmal-i Ghayr. Majalih-yi Dānishkadih-yi Ḥuqūq wa ʻUlūm-i Sīyāsī-yi Dānishgāh-i Tihrān, 28, 91-116.
    53. Al-Gīlānī, Abulqāsim ibn Muḥammad Ḥassan (al-Mīrzā al-Qommī). 1996/1417. Ghanāʼim al-Ayyām fī Masāʼil al-Ḥalāl wa al-Ḥaram. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    54. Al-Māmqānī, ʻAbdullāh. n.d. Tanqīḥ al-Maqāl fī ʻIlm al-Rijāl. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth

    55. al-Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir (al-ʻAllama al-Majlisī). 1982/1403. Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʻa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʻimma al-Aṭhār. 2nd. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī.

    1. al-Majlisī, Muḥammad Taqī (al-Majlisī al-Awwal). 1985/1406. Rawḍat al-Muttaqīn fī Sharḥ Man Lā Yaḥḍaruh al-Faqīh. Qom: Bunyād-i Farhang-i Islāmī-yi Kūshanpūr.
    2. al-Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir (al-ʻAllama al-Majlisī). 1987/1408. Sharāʼiʻ al-Islām fī Masāʼil al-Ḥalāl wa al-Ḥarām. Qom: Muʼassasat Ismāʻīlīyān.
    3. Muḥaqqiq Dāmād, Sayyid Muḥammad. 1995/1416. Kitāb al-Ṣalāt. 3rd. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    4. Al-Murwārīd, Mahdī. 2013/1392. Dars al-Khārij. Published in: http://ehojjatian.blogfa.com/post/221.
    5. Al-Masʻūdī, ʻAlī ibn Ḥusayn. 1952/1373. Ithbāt al-Waṣīyah. 4th. Najaf: Maṭbaʻat al-Ḥaydarīyah.
    6. Ibn Nuʿmān, Muḥammad Ibn Muḥammad (al-Shaykh al-Mufīd). 1992/1413. al-Muqniʿa. Qom: al-Muʾtamar al-ʿĀlamī li Alfīyyat al-Shaykh al-Mufīd.
    7. Makārim Shīrāzi, Nāṣir. 1990/1411. Al-Qawā‘id al-Fiqhīyah. 3rd. Qom: Madrasi-yi Imām ʻAlī Ibn Abī Ṭālib.
    8. Nājī Ṣadrah, Ṭāhirah; Mūsawī, Sayyid Muḥsin; Nūrānī, Muḥsin; Yadullāhpūr, Muḥammad Hādī. 2017/1396. Barrasī-yi Mabānī-yi Fiqh al-Ḥadīth Ustād Jawādī al-Āmulī bā Tamarkuz bar Tafsīr-i Tasnīm. Muṭāliʻāt-i Fahm-i Ḥadīth, 6, 55-77.
    9. al-Najjāshī, Aḥmad Ibn ʻAlī. 1986/1365. Rijāl al-Najāshī. Qom: Muʼassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
    10. al-Najafī, Muḥammad Ḥasan. 1983/1404. Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʻiʻ al-Islām. 7th. Edited by ʻAbbās al-Qūchānī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth al-ʻArabī.
    11. Naqīyah, Majīd. 2006/1385. Shishṣad Nuktih-yi Kārburdī barā-yih Muʻallimān wa Dabīrān. 7th. Tehran: Intishārāt-i Beyn al-Millalī-yi Gāj.
    12. Yūsufī Ashkawarī, Ḥassan. 1998/1379. Dāʼirat al-Maʻārif Buzurg-i Islāmī (madkhal-i Ashʻarīyān. Tehran: Markaz-i Dāʼirat al-Maʻārif Buzurg-i Islāmī.
Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 9, Issue 3 - Serial Number 32
Articles
July 2023
Pages 35-68

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 01 September 2022
  • Revise Date: 02 November 2022
  • Accept Date: 03 November 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics