Research on the Criteria of Weakness of Religion based on the Analysis of Documented Fatwās on Weakness

Document Type : Research (Fast Track Review)

Authors

1 Professor Department of Jurisprudence and Principles of Law, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

2 Student P. HD Ferdowsi University of Mashhad .

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Education, Faculty of Theology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad;

Abstract

The weakening (wahn) of religion is one of the topics that are found in many basic issues and evidence of contemporary fatwās so the prohibition of weakening (wahn) the religion can be mentioned as a principle of jurisprudence. However due to the lack of theoretical discussions, the dimensions of this principle have not been properly explained, the criteria of weakening have not been determined, and there are ambiguities in this principle. This has caused the necessary conditions for the disciplined use of weakening the religion not to be provided in the process of jurisprudential inference, or the anxiety and worry to appear in the text of some fatwās. The lack of a detailed explanation of the meaning of weakness, the lack of explanation of the difference between this term and similar terms, and the lack of the typology of weakness in the religious decree (ḥukm al-sharʻī) has caused the reference to weakness in most fatwās to be limited to mourning rituals. This study aims to provide clear ideas in the field of regulation of weakness, the effect of weakness as primary and secondary, the reference for diagnosing weakness, and others, in order to make the path of reference to weakness a little smoother and reduce the concerns caused by the unregulated use of weakness.

Keywords

Main Subjects


Article Title [العربیة]

بحث فی باب ضوابط وهن الدین على أساس الفتاوى المستندة بالوهن

Abstract [العربیة]

وهن الدین من العناوین التی توجد فی کثیر من القضایا أسس وأدلة الفتاوى المعاصرة، بحیث یمکن ذکر حرمة وهن الدین قاعدة من القواعد الفقهیة.إلا أنه وبسبب قلة المناقشات النظریة ، لم یتم شرح أبعاد هذه القاعدة بشکل صحیح ، ولم یتم تحدید المعاییر، وهناک غموض وشکوک فیه.

وقد تسبب ذلک فی عدم توفیر الشروط اللازمة للاستخدام المنضبط من وهن الدین فی عملیة الاستنباط الفقهی، أو یظهر الاضطراب وعدم الاستقرار فی نص بعض الفتاوى.

ومن المشاکل عدم وجود شرح دقیق لمعنى وهن الدین، وکذلک عدم وجود تصنیف لوهن الدین من حیث الحکم الشرعی، وعدم الاتفاق على معیار محدد فی تعیین وهن الدین.

تهدف هذه المقالة إلى تقدیم أفکار واضحة فی مجال تنظیم الوهن، تأثیره بالعنوان الأولی والثانوی، مرجع تشخیص الوهن وغیره، من خلال الوصف والنقد والتحلیل لعدد من الفتاوى المستندة بالوهن وأن یسهل الاستناد إلى الوهن و أن یقلل المخاوف الناجمة عن الاستخدام غیر المنظم للوهن.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • وهن الدین
  • وهن المذهب
  • العنوان الأولی
  • العنوان الثانوی
  • الحکم الأولی
  • الحکم الثانوی

به Pdf مراجعه نمایید.

  1. The Holy Qurʼān. Translated by Āyatullāh al-Makārim al-Shīrāzī.

    1. Ibn Athīr Shībānī, Majd al-Dīn Mubārak ibn Muḥammad. Al-Nihāyat fī Gharīb al-Ḥadith wa al-Athar. 4th.
    2. Ibn Bābiwayh al-Qommī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq). 1995/1376. Al-Amālī.
    3. Ibn Bābiwayh al-Qommī, Muḥammad Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shaykh al-Ṣadūq). 2006/1385. ʻIlal al-Sharaʻiʻ.
    4. Ibn Sayyidah, ʻAlī ibn Ismāʻīl. Al-Muḥkam wa al-Muḥīṭ al-Aʼẓam. 1st. Beirut.
    5. al-Ḥarrānī, Ḥasan Ibn ʿAlī Ibn Shuʿba (Ibn Shuʿba). 1943/1363. Tuḥaf al-ʿUqūl.
    6. Ibn Fāris, Aḥmad Ibn Fāris. 1983/1404. Muʻjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha.1st.
    7. al-Anṣārī al-Ifrīqī al-Miṣrī al-Khazrajī, Jamāl al-Dīn Abulfaḍl Muḥammad ibn Mukarram (Ibn Manẓūr). 1989/1405. Lisān al-ʻArab.
    8. Azharī, Muḥammad ib Aḥmad. Tahdhīb al-Lughat. Beirut.
    9. Bustānī, Fuʼād Afrām. Farhang Abjadī.1996/1375. 2nd. Tehran
    10. Bahjat, Muḥammad Taqī. Manāsik-i Ḥajj wa ʻUmrah. 3rd. Manshūrāt Shafaq.
    11. al-Jawharī, Ismāʻil Ibn Ḥammād. n.d. al-Ṣiḥaḥ:Tāj al-Lughat wa Ṣiḥaḥ al-ʻArabīyyah. 1st. Beiru.
    12. al-Ḥumayrī, Nashwān ibn Saʻīd. n.d. Shams al-Ūlūm.
    13. al-Ḥusaynī al-Khāminaʾī, al-Sayyid ʿAlī. 1999/1420. Ajwabat al-Istiftāʾāt. 3rd. Dār al-Islāmīyah.
    14. al-Mūsawī al-Khumaynī, al-Ṣayyid Rūḥ Allāh (al-Imām al-Khumaynī). n.d. Taḥrīr al-Wasīlah. Qom: Dār al-ʻIlm.
    15. Al-Rāghib Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn ibn Muḥammad. n.d. Mufradāt al-Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān.
    16. al-Zamakhsharī al-Khārazmī, Maḥmūd Ibn ʻUmar (Jār Allāh). 2007/1386. Muqadamat al-Adab. 1st. Tehran.
    17. Shubiyrī Zanjānī, Sayyid Mūsā. Manāsik al-Zāʼir. 2006/1427. 1st. Qom: Manshūrāt Shahāb al-Dīn.
    18. al-Sayfī al-Māzandarānī , ʻAlī Akbar. 2007/1428. Dalīl Taḥrīr al-Wasīla - al-Satr wa al-Sātir. Qom: Muʼassasat Tanẓīm wa Nashr Āthār al-Imām al-Khumaynī.
    19. al-Sayfī al-Māzandarānī, ʿAlī Akbar. 2004/1425. Mabānī al-Fiqh al-Faʿāl fī al-Qawāʿid al-Fiqhīya. um: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʿat al-Mudarrisīn.
    20. Al-Mūsawī al-Shāhrūdī, Sayyid Murtaḍā. 2007/1428. Jāmiʻ al-Fatāwā. 1st. Manshūrāt Mashʻar.
    21. Al-Ṣāḥib, Ismāʻīl ibn ʻIbād. al-Muḥīṭ fī al-Lughah. n.d. Beirut.
    22. al-Ṭurayḥī, Fakhr al-Dīn. 1995/1375. Majmaʻ al-Baḥrayn. 3rd. Tehran: al-Maktabat al-Murtaḍawīyya li Iḥyāʼ al-Āthār al-Jaʻfarīyya.
    23. al-Fāḍil al-Lankarānī, Muḥammad. 2004/1425. Jāmīʻ al-Masāʻil. Qom: Amīr al-Qalam.
    24. al-Ḥillī al-Suyūrī, Al-Miqdād ibn ʿAbdullāh ibn Muḥammad (al-Fāḍil al-Miqdād). 1994/1373. Al-Kanz al-ʻIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʼān. Tehran: al-Maktabat al-Murtaḍawīya.
    25. Al-Farāhīdī, Khalīl ibn Aḥmad. n.d. Kitāb al-ʻAyn. Qom.
    26. Al-Fayyūmī, Abul ʻAbbās Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad. n.d. Al-Miṣbāḥ al-Munīr fī Sharḥ al-Kabīr lil Rāfiʻī.
    27. al-Ḥusaynī al-Zabīdī al-Wāsiṭī, Murtaḍā Muḥammad ibn Muḥammad. n,d. Tāj al-ʻArūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs. Beirut.
    28. Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. 2006/1427. Al-Fatāwā al-Jadīdah. 2nd. Qom: Madrisi-yi Imām ʻAlī Ib Abī Ṭalib.
    29. Makārim Shīrāzī, Nāṣir. 2006/1427. Manāsik al-Jāmiʻ, Ḥajj. 2nd. Qom: Madrisi-yi Imām ʻAlī Ib Abī Ṭalib.
    30. Al-Muntaẓirī, Ḥusayn ʻAlī. Risalat Istiftāʼāt. Qom.
    31. Al-Mūsawī al-Ardabīlī, Sayyid ʻAbul al-Karīm. 2002/1423. Fiqh al-Qaḍāʼ. Qom.
    32. al-Mūsawī al-Qazwīnī, al-Sayyid ʿAlī. 2003/1424. Yanābīʿ al-Aḥkām fī Maʿrifat al-Ḥalāl wa al-Ḥarām. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʿat al-Mudarrisīn.
    33. Mūsā, Ḥusayn Yūsuf. Al-Ifṣāḥ. 4th. Qom.
    34. Muhannā, ʻAbdullāh ibn ʻAlī. Lisān al-Lisān. 1st. Beirut.