Exceptions to the Principle of Non-Transmission in the Evolution of Word Meanings

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Author

استاد حوزه علمیه قم

10.22034/jrj.2024.67775.2722

Abstract

One of the challenges in interpreting verbal evidence is the possibility that word meanings may change over time. To counter this, scholars refer to the principle of non-transmission, which holds that the words in verses and ḥadīths should be interpreted according to their original meanings rather than later ones. Despite the broad application of this principle, its exceptions have not been thoroughly studied. This study, using a descriptive-analytical method, aims to identify the exceptions to the principle of non-transmission and assess the validity of each exception based on different foundational approaches to this principle. In uṣūlī (principles of jurisprudence) literature, the exceptions are often presented in a fragmented manner without considering various theoretical bases. Additionally, existing research on the principle of non-transmission typically only mentions some exceptions and rarely evaluates their validity across different uṣūlī frameworks.
The study reveals that the most significant exceptions to the principle are: 

a) Having knowledge of the principle of transmission but uncertainty about when it occurred;
b) Knowing the time of transmission but not the date of the word’s original usage;
c) The presence of a special reason for the transmission;
d) Failure to verify the opposition.

The most important uṣūlī foundations for accepting the principle include istiṣḥāb (presumption of continuity), sīrah (customs of intellectuals and religious communities), and the prevalence of usage. Depending on which basis is applied, the accepted exceptions to the principle of non-transmission may vary.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

استثنائات أصل عدم النقل فی وضع اللغات

Abstract [العربیة]

من بین التحدیات التی تواجه الاستنباط من الأدلة اللفظیة، احتمال تغیر معانی الألفاظ بمرور الزمن. وفی مواجهة هذا الاحتمال، یستند الفقهاء إلى قاعدة "أصل عدم النقل"، حیث یتم تفسیر ألفاظ الآیات والروایات وفقًا لمعانیها المتأخرة.
رغم الانتشار الواسع لأصل عدم النقل، فإن استثناءات هذا الأصل لم تحظَ بتحلیل تفصیلی کافٍ.
یهدف هذا المقال، الذی تم تألیفه وفقَ المنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، إلى بیان ماهیة استثناءات أصل عدم النقل، ودراسة صحة کل استثناء على ضوء مختلف المبانی التی تقوم علیها هذه القاعدة. ذلک أن کتب الأصول قد ذکرت استثناءات أصل عدم النقل بشکل متفرق، متجاهلةً بذلک مطابقة المبانی المختلفة التی تقوم علیها.
"من ناحیة أخرى، فی الدراسات البحثیة القلیلة التی تناولت أصل عدم النقل، اقتصر الأمر على الإشارة إلى بعض الاستثناءات، ونادراً ما تمّ التحقق من صحة هذه الاستثناءات بالاستناد إلى مختلف المبانی الأصولیة.
بعد الدراسات المتعمقة، تبین أن أهم استثناءات لهذا الأصل هی: أ) العلم بأصل النقل والشک فی زمانه؛ ب) العلم بزمان النقل والجهل بتاریخ استعماله؛ ج) وجود مقتضى خاص للنقل؛ د) عدم البحث عن المعارض والدلیل المخالف.
"إن أهم المبانی الأصولیة التی تقوم علیها هذه القاعدة هی الاستصحاب، والسیرة (العقلائیة والمتشرعة)، وغلبة الاستعمال. وبناءً على کل مبانی، تختلف الاستثناءات التی تقبلها قاعدة عدم النقل.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • أصل عدم النقل
  • أصالة التطابق
  • تشابه الأزمان
  • اتحاد العرفین
  • الاستصحاب القهقری

Full Text

به فایل PDF مراجعه نمایید. در دست طراحی...

References

  1. Al-Fāḍil al-Hindī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan. 1995/1416. Kashf al-Lithām wa al-Ibhām ʻan Qawāʻid al-Aḥkām. Qom: Manshūrāt Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-ʻUẓmā al-Marʻashī al-Najafī.
  2. al-Mūsawī al-Khumaynī, al-Ṣayyid Rūḥ Allāh (al-Imām al-Khumaynī). 1988/1409. Al-Istiṣḥāb. Tehran: Muʼassasat  Tanẓīm wa Nashr Āthār al-Imām al-Khumaynī.
  3. al-Mūsawī al-Khumaynī, al-Ṣayyid Rūḥ Allāh (al-Imām al-Khumaynī).2002/1423. Tahdhīb al-Uṣūl. Tehran: Muʼassasat  Tanẓīm wa Nashr Āthār al-Imām al-Khumaynī.
  4. al-Anṣārī, Murtaḍā Ibn Muḥammad Amin (al-Shaykh al-Anṣārī). 2004/1383. Maṭāriḥ al-Anẓār Qom: Majmaʻ al-Fikr al-Islāmī.
  5. Īrawānī, Bāqir. 2008/1429. Kifāyat al-Uṣūl fī Uslūbihā al-Thānī. 1st. Najaf al-Ashraf: Muʾassasat Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-Shīʻah.
  6. al-Kurāsāni, Muḥammad Kāzim (al-Ākhund al-Khurāsānī). 1988/1409. Kifāyat al-Uṣūl. Qom: Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth.
  7. al-Waḥīḍ al-Bihbahānī , Muḥammad Bāqīr. 2001/1422. Maṣābīḥ al-Ẓalām fī Sharḥ Mafātīḥ al-ṣhrāʻiʻ. Qom: Muʼassasat  al-ʻAllāma al-Mujaddid al-Waḥīd al-Bihbahānī.
  8. al-Jazāʼirī al-Murawwij, al-Sīrayyid Muḥammad Jaʻfar. 1994 /1415. Muntahā al-Dirāya fī Tawḍīḥ al-Kifāya. Qom: Muʼassasat Dār al-Kitāb.
  9. al-Ḥusaynī al-Yazdī al-Fīrūz ābādī, al-Sayyid Murtaḍā. 1980/1400. ʻInāyat al-Uṣūl fī Sharh Kifāyat al-Uṣūl.4th. Qom: al-Fīrūz ābādī.
  10. al-Ḥillī, Muḥammad Ibn  asan (Fakhr al-Muḥaqqiqīn). 1967/1387. Īḍāḥ al-Fawāʻid fī Sharḥ Mushkilāt al-Qawāʻid. Edited by Sayyid Ḥusayn Mūsawī Kirmānī, ʻAlī Panāh Ishtihārdī and ʻAbd al-Raḥīm Burujirdī. Qom: Muʼassasat  Ismāʻīlīyān.
  11. al-Siywarī al-Ḥillī, Miqdād Ibn ʻAbd Allāh (Fāḍil Miqdād). 1983/1404. al-Tanqīḥ al-Rāʻiʻ li Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʻiʻ. Edited by al-Sayyid ʻAbd al-Laṭīf al-Ḥusayni al-Kuhkamarī. Qom: Manshūrāt Maktabat Āyat Allāh al-ʻUẓmā al-Marʻashī al-Najafī.
  12. al-Mūsawī al-Khuʼī, al-Sayyid Abū al-Qāsim. Maṣābīḥ al-Uṣūl. 1st. Tehran: Markaz Nashr Kitāb.
  13. Al-Rashtī, Ḥabībullāh ibn MuḥammadʻAlī. n.d. Badāʼiʻ al-Afkār. Qom: Muʼassasat  Āl al-Bayt li Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth.
  14. Al-Rashtī, ʻAbd al-Ḥusayn. 1949/1370. Sharḥ Kifāyat al-Uṣūl. Najaf al-Ashraf: Maṭbaʻat al-Ḥaydarīyat al-Najaf.
  15. al-Ḥusaynī al-Rawḥānī, Sayyd Muḥammad. 1992/1413. Muntaqī al-Uṣūl. Taqrīr (writen by) ʻAbd al-Ṣāḥib al-Ḥakīm. Qom: the Office of al-Sayyid al-Ḥusaynī al-Rawḥānī.
  16. al-Subḥānī al-Tabrīzī, Jaʻfar. 2009/1388. Irshād al-ʻUqūl ilā Mabāḥith al-Uṣūl. Qom: Muʼassasat  al-Imām al-Ṣādiq.
  17. al-ʻĀmilī, Zayn al-Dīn Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shahīd al-Thānī). 1995/1416. Tamhīd al-Qawāʻid al-Uṣūlīyat wa al-ʻArabīyah. Qom: Maktab al-Aʻlām al-Islāmī.
  18. Al-Shīrāzī, Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥassan ibn Maḥmūd. 1989/1409. Taqrīrāt Āyatullāh al-Mujjid al-Shīrāzī. 1st. Qom: Muʼasassat Āl al-Bayt Li Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth.
  19. al-Ṣadr, al-Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. 1996/1417. Buḥūth fī ʻIlm al-Uṣūl. 3rd. Muʼassasat Dāʼirat al-Maʻārif al-Islāmīyya.
  20. al-Ṣadr, al-Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. 1997/1418. Buḥūth fī ʻIlm al-Uṣūl. 5th. Muʼassasat Dāʼirat al-Maʻārif al-Islāmīyya.
  21. Al-Ṭabāṭabāʼī al-Qummī, Sayyid Taqī. 2002/1381. Al-Anwār al-Bahīyat fī al-Qawāʻid al-Fiqhīyat. 1st. Qom: Muhallātī.
  22. al-ʻĀmilī, Zayn al-Dīn Ibn ʻAlī (al-Shahīd al-Thānī). 1991/1412. al-Rawḍat al-Bahīyya fī Sharḥ al-Lumʻat al-Dimashqīyya. Qom: Būstān-i Kitāb-i Qom (Intishārāt-i Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī-yi Ḥawzi-yī ʿIlmīyyi-yi Qom).
  23. al-ʻIrāqī, Āqā Ḍīyāʻ al-Dīn. 1996/1417. Nihāyat al-Afkār. 3rd. Qom: Muʼassasat  al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
  24. Al-Fāḍil al-Muwaḥidī al-Lankarānī, Muḥammad. 2006/1385. Īḍāḥ al-Kifāyat. 5th. Qom: Intishārāt Nūḥ.
  25. Fawwāz, Ḥassan. 2018. Taḥṣīl Ẓuhūr Zaman al-Ṣudūr Bayn ʻIṣālat ʻAdam al-Naql wa Iṭirād al-Istiʻmāl, Risālat al-Thaqalayn, 80, 62-84.
  26. Al-Qūchānī, ʻAlī. 2009/1430. Taʻlīqat al-Qūchānī ʻalā Kifāyat al-Uṣūl. 1st. Qom.
  27. Kāshif al-Ghiṭāʻ, ʻAlī. 1987/1408. Maṣādir al-Ḥukm al-Sharʻī wa al-Qānūn al-Madanī. 1st. Najaf al-Ashraf: Maṭbaʻat al-Ādāb.
  28. Muḥaqqiq Dāmād, Sayyid Muḥammad. 2003/1382. Al-Muḥāḍirāt. 1st. Iṣfahān: Intishārāt Mubārak.
  29. Muḥammadī Majd, Abulfaḍl; Fāʼizī, Muḥammad; Shujāʻ, Mujtabā.2021. Naqd wa Arzyābī-yi Aṣl-i Thubāt dar Alfāḍ. Faṣlnāmih-yi Pazhūhish-hāyi Uṣūlī, 63-86.
  30. Muḥammadī Bāmīyānī, Ghulāmʻalī. 2008/1430. Durūs fī al-Kifāyah. 1st. Beirut: Dār al-Muṣṭafā li Iḥyāʼ al-Turāth.
  31. Manāfī, Ḥusayn. Naql dar Dilālat-i Alfāẓ wa Afʻāl. 2002/1391. Faṣlnāmih-yi Pazhūhish-hāyi Uṣūlī, 95-115.
  32. Al-Gharawī al-Nāʼīnī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn (al-Muḥaqqiq al-Nāʼīnī, Mīrzā Nāʼīnī). 1936/1355. Fawāʼid al-Uṣūl. Qom: Muʼassasat  al-Nashr al-Islāmī li Jamāʻat al-Mudarrisīn.
  33. al-Narāqī, Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad Mahdī (al-Fāẓil al-Narāqī). 1996/1417. ʻAwāʻid al-Ayyām fī Bayān Qawāʻid al-Aḥkām wa Muhimmāt Masāʼil al-Ḥalāl wa al-Ḥarām. Qom: Maktab al-Iʻlām al-Islāmī.
  34. al-Hāshimī al-Shāhrūdī, al-Sayyid Maḥmūd. 2010/1431. Aḍwāʼ wa Ārāʼ: Taʻlīqāt ʻalā Kitābanā Buḥūth fī ʻIlm al-Uṣūl. 1st. Muʼasissat Dāʼirat al-Maʻārif al-Fiqh al-Islāmī Ṭibqan li Maḍhhab Ahl al-Bayt (ʻA).
Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 10, Issue 2 - Serial Number 35
Articles
June 2024
Pages 1-1

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 11 November 2023
  • Revise Date: 14 May 2024
  • Accept Date: 20 July 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics