Documentary Study of the Principle “Lā Tanqaḍ al-Sunnat al-Farīḍat” and its Application in Imāmīyyah Jurisprudence

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

Fourth-Level Student at Qom Seminary ; Qom-Iran.

10.22034/jrj.2024.68458.2773

Abstract

The Principle of “Lā Tanqaḍ al-Sunnat al-Farīḍat” is one of the most influential jurisprudential principles across several areas of Islamic law. It is derived from the authentic narration of “Lā Taʻād,” which states: “Disruption in the traditions of a compound obligation, assuming the core obligations of that compound are fulfilled, does not invalidate the compound.”
This study, employing a descriptive-analytical method and referencing library sources, examines the documentation and evidence supporting this principle. It demonstrates that the basis of the principle is well-established, and through an analysis of the principle’s evidentiary support, as well as a discussion of various views on the terms sunnah and farīḍah, it argues that farīḍah refers to what is stated in the Holy Qurʼān, while sunnah refers to what is mentioned in the ḥadīth.
Additionally, this principle is not limited to the chapter on ṣalāh (prayer). Its broader application indicates that in cases of sharʻī compounds, if the mukallaf (legally responsible individual) inadvertently disrupts the sunan (traditions) but fulfills the core religious duties correctly, there is no need to repeat the action. Finally, the study outlines numerous applications of this principle across various jurisprudential chapters.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

دراسة مستندات قاعدة "لاتنقض السنة الفریضة" وتطبیقها فی الفقه الإمامی

Abstract [العربیة]

قاعدة "لا تنقض السنة الفریضة" هی من القواعد الفقهیة المؤثرة فی أبواب فقهیة متعددة، وقد استنبطت من ذیل صحیحة "لا تعاد"، ومعناها أن "الإخلال بسنن واجب مرکب لا یؤدی إلى بطلان ذلک الواجب المرکب، وذلک فی فرض تمامیة فرائض ذلک المرکّب".
فی هذه الدراسة، تمّ تناول القاعدة المذکورة بطریقة تحلیلیة وصفیة، مع الاعتماد على المصادر المکتبیة. وقد تمّ تحلیل سند القاعدة ودلالاتها بشکل دقیق، حیث تبین تمامیة القاعدة سندا، ومن حیث الدلالة أُثبت أن المراد بالفریضة هو ما جاء فی القرآن الکریم، بینما المراد بالسنة هو ما ورد فی الروایات، وذلک بعد تبیین الصورة الثبوتیة للقاعدة وعرض الآراء والآراء المختلفة حول "السنة" و"الفریضة".
کما لا تقتصر القاعدة لباب الصلاة، ومفادها أنه فی المرکبات الشرعیة إذا أخل المکلف بالسُنن عن عذرٍ، لکنه أدى الفرائض على الوجه الصحیح، فلا حاجة إلى إعادة العمل أو قضائه.
وأخیراً ذکر العدید من التطبیقات لهذه القاعدة فی أبواب فقهیة مختلفة.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • السنة
  • الفریضة
  • قاعدة لاتعاد
  • القاعدة الفقهیة
  • الخلل فی المرکبات الشرعیة

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 10, Issue 2 - Serial Number 35
Articles
June 2024
Pages 1-1

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History

  • Receive Date: 07 February 2024
  • Revise Date: 17 August 2024
  • Accept Date: 01 September 2024

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