Reflecting the Denial of the Authenticity of Khabar al-Wāḥid in the Ijtihād of the Aqṭāb al-Thalāthah

Document Type : Research (Fast Track Review)

Author

Assistant Professor of Hazrat-e Masoumeh University of Qom; fa_zhian@yahoo.com

Abstract

Narrations (riwāyāt)—as one of the most important sources for deriving Islamic laws (sharīʻah)—have long been the subject of debate among scholars. Among these, khabar al-wāḥid (a narration transmitted by a single source) has been particularly controversial and continues to spark differing opinions. A key question that all religious scholars across various Islamic disciplines must address is whether this type of narration possesses the necessary authenticity and meets the conditions for acceptance. Sayyid Murtaḍā was a prominent figure who strongly rejected the authenticity of āḥād (single narrations), and his stance was later supported by scholars like Ibn Zuhrah and Ibn Idrīs. This study uses a descriptive-analytical approach to explore the evidence provided by these three jurists—known as the aqṭāb al-thalāthah—for rejecting the authenticity of khabar al-wāḥid, and examines the impact of their views on their legal writings. Research indicates that their reasoning for denying the authenticity of this type of narration is largely aligned, and their conclusions are quite similar, despite some differences in detail.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

انعکاس إنکار حجیة الخبر الواحد فی اجتهادات الاقطاب الثلاثة

Abstract [العربیة]

تعد الروایات أهمُّ مصادر الوصول إلى الشریعة، إلا أنها واجهت تحدیاتٍ متعددة من قِبل المفکرین.
فی هذا السیاق، یعتبر "الخبر الواحد" من أکثر الأنواع تداولًا، وقد واجه اختلافات فی الرأی، وما زال یواجهها. فمسألة حجیته وشروط قبوله تعد من أهم الأسئلة التی یتعین على جمیع المتخصصین الدینیین فی مختلف مجالات العلوم الإسلامیة تقدیم إجابة قاطعة بشأنها.
وکان السید المرتضى من أوائل من أکد صراحة على عدم حجیة الأخبار الآحاد، وقد تبعه فی ذلک آخرون مثل ابن زهره وابن إدریس.
تهدف المقالة هذه، باتباع منهج وصفی وتحلیلی، إلى دراسة وتفکیک الأدلة التی قدمها کل من السید المرتضى وابن زهره وابن إدریس - وهم الثلاثة الذین یطلق علیهم الأقطاب الثلاثة - لإنکار حجیة الخبر الواحد، کما ستقوم بتتبع آثار هذه النظریة على مؤلفاتهم.
تُظهر الأبحاث أن الأدلة التی قدمها هؤلاء العلماء لدعم هذه الفکرة تتسم بالتوافق والتجانس إلى حد کبیر، وکذلک النتائج التی توصلوا إلیها متقاربة بشکل ملحوظ. مع ذلک، یمکن ملاحظة بعض الاختلافات فی التفاصیل.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الخبر الواحد
  • الأخبار الآحاد
  • السید المرتضى
  • ابن‌زهرة
  • ابن ادریس

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Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence
Volume 10, Issue 2 - Serial Number 35
Articles
June 2024
Pages 127-154

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