The Authority of Qur’anic Ẓuhūrāt While Preserving the Validity of Khabar al-Wāḥid in Interpretation

Document Type : Figh& Ijtihad

Authors

1 Akhund Khorasani Specialty Center of Islamic Propagation Office. Mashhad. Iran

2 Department of Jurisprudence, Akhund Khorasani Specialty Center of Islamic Propagation Office of Qom Seminary, Khorasan Razavi Branch

10.22034/jrj.2025.69696.2856

Abstract

The Holy Qur’an, as the only eternal and undistorted divine scripture and the most authoritative source in Islamic knowledge, holds a unique position of epistemic authority. This status is inherently tied to its ẓuhūrāt (apparent/external meanings), rendering any discussion of the Qur’an’s authority meaningless without acknowledging the authenticity of these textual manifestations.
At first glance, the validity and authority of Qur’anic ẓuhūrāt appear uncontested. However, given the parallels between the foundational principles and evidence concerning this issue and those pertaining to the validity of khabar al-wāḥid (solitary reports) in Qur’anic exegesis, it can be argued that the theoretical framework, evidence, and principles governing the authenticity of khabar al-wāḥid in interpretation significantly influence the determination of Qur’anic ẓuhūrāt’s authority.
For instance, rejecting the “possibility of the shāri’ endorsement of intellectual reasoning in the domain of comprehension” in the context of “the validity of khabar al-wāḥid in interpretation”—while asserting the “impossibility of obligatory adherence in matters of understanding”—could lead to the negation of “the validity of non-jurisprudential Qur’anic ẓuhūrāt.” This is because the authority of non-jurisprudential ẓuhūrāt relies on the shāri’ approval of intellectual reasoning in interpretation. If this principle is denied in the case of khabar al-wāḥid, the possibility of the shāri’ endorsement of ẓuhūrāt is likewise negated. Consequently, not only would the validity of non-jurisprudential ẓuhūrāt be undermined, but the epistemic authority of the Qur’an itself would be severely weakened.
Employing library-based research and a descriptive-analytical methodology, this study examines the impact of “the foundational principles denying the validity of khabar al-wāḥid in interpretation” on the authority of Qur’anic ẓuhūrāt. The discussion is structured in two parts: (1) the restrictive implications of these principles and (2) a proposed resolution.
The findings indicate, first, that the principles rejecting the authority of khabar al-wāḥid in interpretation extend to all forms of valid ẓunūn (presumptions), including non-jurisprudential ẓuhūrāt, thereby jeopardizing the Qur’an’s epistemic authority. Second, a novel solution is presented, grounded in the validity of ẓunūn derived from intellectual reasoning—such as khabar al-wāḥid and non-jurisprudential ẓuhūrāt.
Keywords: Qur’anic Epistemic Authority, Validity of Khabar al-Wāḥid in Interpretation, Authority of Ẓuhūrāt, Foundations of Khabar al-Wāḥid’s Validity, Foundations Qur’anic Epistemic Authority.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

مرجعیة الظهورات القرآنیة مع الحفاظ على حجیة خبر الواحد فی التفسیر

Abstract [العربیة]

یتمتع القرآن الکریم، بوصفه الکتاب السماوی الخالد الوحید السالم من التحریف والمصدر الأوثق، بمرجعیة علمیة خاصة فی العلوم الإسلامیة. ومن المسلّم به أن مکانة القرآن الکریم مرتبطة بظهوراته، والقول بهذه المکانة دون الالتفات إلى حجیة الظهورات القرآنیة أمر لا معنى له.

فی النظرة الأولى، لا یبدو ثمة خلاف فی حجیة ومرجعیة ظهورات القرآن، لکن بالنظر إلى وجود اشتراکات فی المبانی والأدلة لهذا الموضوع مع مبحث حجیة خبر الواحد فی تفسیر القرآن، یمکن الادعاء بأنّ الرؤیة والأدلة والمبانی المتعلقة بحجیة خبر الواحد فی تفسیر القرآن لها تأثیر جاد فی تحدید مرجعیة الظهورات القرآنیة.

من المحتمل أن یؤدی إنکار "إمکان إمضاء الشارع للسیرة العقلائیة فی مجال الفهم والتلقی" فی مبحث "حجیة خبر الواحد فی التفسیر" والاستدلال بـ "عدم إمکان التعبد فی مجال التلقی"، إلى إنکار "حجیة ظواهر القرآن غیر الفقهیة"؛ وذلک لأن حجیة الظواهر غیر الفقهیة مبنیة على إمضاء الشارع للسیرة العقلائیة فی مجال التلقی، ومع إنکار ذلک فی حجیة خبر الواحد، ینتفی إمکان إمضاء الشارع فی الظهورات أیضًا. وفی هذه الحالة، لن یقتصر الأمر على إضعاف حجیة ظواهر القرآن غیر الفقهیة فحسب، بل سیمتد لیطال المرجعیة العلمیة للقرآن الکریم بشکل کبیر.

یسعى هذا البحث، بالاعتماد على المصادر المکتبیة والمنهج الوصفی التحلیلی، إلى إیضاح دور "المبانی الأصولیة لعدم حجیة خبر الواحد فی التفسیر" على مرجعیة ظواهر القرآن الکریم، وقد تم تنظیم مباحثه فی قسمین: القسم الأول یتناول الدور المُقَیِّد لـ «المبانی الأصولیة لعدم حجیة خبر الواحد فی التفسیر»، والقسم الثانی یُعنى بتقدیم حلّ لهذه الإشکالیة.

وتشیر النتائج المستخلصة فی هذین القسمین إلى أن أولًا: المبانی الأصولیة لعدم حجیة خبر الواحد فی التفسیر قد أدت إلى عدم حجیة جمیع الظنون المعتبرة، بما فی ذلک ظواهر القرآن غیر الفقهیة، وهو ما یفضی إلى عدم مرجعیة القرآن الکریم.

وثانیًا: لهذه الإشکالیة، تم اقتراح حلّ وتقریر جدید یقوم على اعتبار الظنون المستنبطة من السِّیَر العقلائیة، کخبر الواحد وظواهر القرآن غیر الفقهیة.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • مرجعیة القرآن الکریم العلمیة
  • حجیة خبر الواحد فی التفسیر
  • حجیة الظواهر
  • مبانی حجیة خبر الواحد
  • مبانی مرجعیة القرآن الکریم العلمیة

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Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence
Volume 10, Issue 4 - Serial Number 37
Articles
December 2024
Pages 75-106

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