Document Type : Research (Fast Track Review)
Authors
1
Ph.D graduate in Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law from Ferdowsi University of Mashhad and faculty member at Payame Noor University of Mashhad. Ahmadiafzadi@pnu.ac.ir (Corresponding Author).
2
Professor, Department of Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Iran. Email: naseri1962@um.ac.ir
10.22034/jrj.2025.69745.2864
Abstract
The Holy Qurʼān, as the "the greater weighty thing (al-Thiql al-Akbar) ", has always been the primary reference for the rulings and religious laws of Islam, and the authority of the Sunnah also finds meaning in its light. The scientific authority of the Qurʼān has several levels, one of the most important of which is "its credibility and authority in religious obligations." One of the topics for which the Holy Qurʼān has been the exclusive reference for understanding and explaining is the "God’s sacraments (Shʻāʼir Allāh) ". The word "Shʻāʼir" is used in four verses of the Quran as added to the word "Allāh". According to the widely known viewpoint, divine or religious sacraments include a set of persons, objects, actions, and rituals that are known as the "manifestations and signs" of religion which includes; the Prophet and Imāms (P.B.U.T), Ḥajj and its rituals, Friday and congregational prayers, mosques and the shrines of the Imāms, the days of Muḥarram, and mourning. The Holy Qurʼān emphasizes the veneration of Allāh’s sacraments and prohibits their desecration. One of the most important and fundamental issues in this regard is the concept of “religious sacraments” and its scope. The main question is whether religious sacraments are limited to the rituals of Ḥajj or have a more general meaning. This disagreement arises from the different views of linguists and commentators on the definition of this term. Using the method of semantics, conceptual analysis and library resources, this study examines the authority of the Holy Qurʼān in explaining the concept and semantic scope of sacraments and shows that this concept is not limited to some specific instances. The result of this study will be to strengthen the view that it is preferable non-exclusion of sacraments to the rituals of Ḥajj. The selected view of this study, which also suggests a middle way, is that although the Holy Qurʼān is the main source and reference in exploring Allāh’s sacraments, and the verses related to sacraments were all revealed in the context of the Ḥajj rituals, considering the literal use of this word in the verses and also through the discovery of its criteria, any matter that is recognized as "religious and divine sacraments " from the perspective of Sharʻ (religious law) or ʻUrf (customary practice) and has two elements ʼIʻlām and ʼIʻtilā, can be considered an example of "Allāh’s sacraments".
Key Words: The Authority of the Qurʼān, Allāh’s Sacraments, Veneration of Religious Rituals, Qurʼānic Semantics.
Keywords
Main Subjects
Article Title [العربیة]
ثنائیة مرجعیة القرآن أو الحصریة القرآنیة فی مناسک الحج
Abstract [العربیة]
کان ولا یزال القرآن الکریم بوصفه الثقل الأکبر، المرجع الأول للأحکام والشرائع فی الإسلام، ولا تقوم حجیة السنة إلا فی ظلّه. ومن الموضوعات التی کان القرآن الکریم المرجع الحصری لفهمها وتبیینها، هی شعائر الله.
فقد استعملت کلمة "شعائر" أربع مراتٍ فی القرآن الکریم بصورة مضافة إلی لفظ "الله" جل جلاله. تُعتبر شعائر الله أو الشعائر الدینیة، علی الرأی المشهور، مجموعة من الأشخاص والأشیاء والأعمال والمناسک التی تُعدّ "مَظهراً وعلامةً" للدین، مثل النبیّ (ص) والأئمة (ع)، والحج ومناسکه، وصلاة الجمعة والجماعة، والمساجد والمشاهد المشرفة، وأیام محرم ومجالس العزاء.
وقد أمر القرآن الکریم بتعظیم شعائر الله ونهى عن انتهاکها. ومن أهمّ وأساسی مباحث هذا الموضوع، مفهومُ الشعائر الدینیة ونطاقها، هل یقتصر على مناسک ومشاعر الحجّ أم یشمل عمومَ ما ذُکر؟ هذا الاختلاف یعود إلى الاختلاف القائم بین أهل اللغة والتفسیر فی تعریف هذه الکلمة.
فی هذه المقالة التی تمّ إعدادها بالمنهج الدلالی والتحلیلی وباستخدام المصادر المکتبیة، مع الاستناد إلى الآیات القرآنیة والتفاسیر، تمّ ترجیحُ الرأیِ الأعمّ. وبناءً على ذلک، فإنّ کلّ أمر یُعرف شرعاً أو عرفاً کشعائر دینیة وإلهیة، ویتضمّن عنصریّ الإعلان والإعتلاء، هو مصداقٌ لشعائر الله، وتعظیمه واجبٌ.
Keywords [العربیة]
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مرجعیة القرآن
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الشعائر الإلهیة
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تعظیم المناسک الدینیة
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الدلالة القرآنیة
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