Examining the Challenges in Identifying Early Jurists’ Rejection (Iʿrāḍ) of Seemingly Authentic Ḥadīths

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 Fourth-Level Student at Qom Seminary; Qom-Iran.

2 Associate Professor and Faculty Member, Department of Quran and Hadith Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran.

Abstract

One of the primary criteria for evaluating jurisprudential traditions is analyzing religious scholars’ responses to ḥadīths. The discourse on jābirīyat (compulsory nature) and kāsirīyat (nullifying effect) of scholarly disregard (iʿrāḍ) has long occupied Imāmī jurists. According to the prevailing view among contemporary Shīʿah scholars, a ḥadīth rejected by early authorities—under certain conditions—loses credibility, as such rejection suggests potential flaws in its issuance (ṣudūr), intent (jihat al-ṣudūr), or textual indication (dilālah).
Beyond theoretical debates on the validity of kāsirīyat al-iʿrāḍ, jurists face practical challenges in verifying early scholars’ disregard for seemingly authentic narrations. This study employs a library-based, descriptive-analytical approach to identify and address these methodological difficulties. Two key issues emerge: First, uncertainty regarding whether iʿrāḍ actually occurred, often stemming from later jurists’ reports about their predecessors’ positions. Second, the ijtihādī nature of such disregard—where rejection reflects a jurist’s interpretive principles rather than defects in the ḥadīth’s chain (sanad) or meaning (matn).
By delineating these challenges and proposing solutions, this research aims to assist jurists in navigating iʿrāḍ-related obstacles during legal inference (istinbāṭ), thereby strengthening the process of ijtihād.
Keywords: Ḥadīth Criticism, Scholarly Disregard (Iʿrāḍ), Ijtihādī Rejection, Jurisprudential Methodology, Imāmī Jurisprudence 

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

تحقّق "الإعراض" من قِبَل الفقهاء المتقدِّمین... دراسة نقدیة

Abstract [العربیة]

لا شک أن أحد أهم معاییر تقییم ومصداقیة الأخبار الفقهیة هو الانتباه إلى أداء وتعامُل علماء المذهب مع تلک الأحادیث. وقد حظی بحث جابِریة أو کاسِریة الإعراض باهتمام فقهاء الإمامیة منذ القدم.


وفقًا للرأی المشهور للفقهاء المعاصرین، فإن الحدیث الذی یتعرّض -مع بعض القیود- لإعراض علماء الشیعة، یسقط عن الاعتبار؛ لأن إعراض جمیع أو غالبیة علماء المذهب یدل على وجود نوع من الخلل أو النقص فی أحد مباحث: صدور الحدیث، أو جهة صدوره، أو دلالته.


حتى لو غضضنا الطرف عن المباحث النظریة حول استحکام مبنى کاسریة الإعراض، یرى الباحث الفقهی فی مسیرة الاستنباط، وعند إحراز عمل فقهاء الشیعة، أنه سیواجه عوائق. بعبارة أخرى، الحصول على أقوال الفقهاء والکشف عن إعراضهم عن الأحادیث التی تبدو معتبرة، یصاحبه آفات؛ وأن تشخیصها وتقدیم المخارج منها یمکن أن یعین الفقیه فی طریق الاجتهاد.


یهدف هذا البحث، المنجز بأسلوب مکتبیة وبمنهج وصفی تحلیلی، إلى تشخیص وتحلیل الآفات الکامنة فی کشف إعراض الفقهاء المتقدمین عن الروایات التی تبدو معتبرة.


یبدو أنه یمکن تسلیط الضوء على آفتین رئیسیتین فی هذا المضمار: الأولى: التردد فی أصل تحقق الإعراض، والذی ینجم فی کثیر من الموارد عن الاعتماد على نقولات وتقاریر بعض الفقهاء المتأخرین بشأن إعراض الفقهاء السابقین؛ والثانیة: اجتهادیة الإعراض، حیث یکون إعراض الفقیه فی هذه الحالات متأثراً بمبانیه أو استیعابه الفقهی الخاص، ولا یمکن أن یکون کاشفاً عن ضعف فی السند أو خلل فی دلالة الروایة.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • دراسة نقدیة
  • الإعراض
  • الإعراض الاجتهادی
  • الأحادیث الفقهیة

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Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence
Volume 11, Issue 1 - Serial Number 38
Articles
June 2025
Pages 35-66

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