The distinction between the principles and evidence of the Jurisprudence of judgment and The enjoining good in the thought of Allama Na'ini

MotahhariFard, Morteza

doi:10.22034/jrj.2025.72560.3030

The distinction between the principles and evidence of the Jurisprudence of judgment and The enjoining good in the thought of Allama Na'ini

Document Type : Naieeni Congere

Author

Morteza MotahhariFard

Yazd

10.22034/jrj.2025.72560.3030

Abstract

According to the views of some jurists, one possible approach to facilitating the establishment of rulings in the chapter of al-qaḍāʾ (judgement) is to draw upon the arguments related to amr bi al-maʿrūf (enjoining the good). The shared purposes of enjoining the good and judicial jurisprudence—such as preventing disorder and promoting social order—together with the general and unrestricted nature of the arguments supporting enjoining the good and their potential for broad interpretation, offer such a possibility. This approach provides greater flexibility for the jurist without subjecting him to the strict limitations and conditions found in the specific evidences related to judging.
Differentiating or correlating the arguments of judging (adillah al-qaḍāʾ) and those of enjoining the good (amr bi al-maʿrūf) requires careful examination of their subjects, qualifications, foundations, and preliminaries. Within the context of implementing the sharʿ and expanding governmental authority, this process can either extend or restrict the scope of power available to the Islamic ruler.
Through a detailed examination of these arguments, and with a focus on the jurisprudential views of ʿAllāmah Nāʾīnī, this study aims first to clarify the degree of argumentative coherence in correlating or distinguishing these two categories, and second to assess the consistency of ʿAllāmah Nāʾīnī’s jurisprudential and political framework—which advocates for an expanded and active role of the sharʿ in governance and public administration, of which judging is a prime example—in relation to this issue.

The findings, based on a descriptive–analytical method and library research, indicate that ʿAllāmah Nāʾīnī regarded the arguments for judging (adillah al-qaḍāʾ) and those for enjoining the good (amr bi al-maʿrūf) as distinct in subject matter. In situations of necessity and emergency, he relied instead on the principle of preserving social order (qāʿidat ḥifẓ al-niẓām) and the principle of the guardianship of just believers (wilāyat ʿudūl al-muʾminīn). This reflects the exceptional nature of any departure from the specific conditions governing judgement. Accordingly, his jurisprudential approach remained strictly text-oriented and disciplined, avoiding any attempt to justify political concepts or tendencies through selective use of jurisprudential texts

Keywords

Main Subjects

Judicature

Article Title [العربیة]

دراسة الفروق فی مبانی فقه القضاء والأمر بالمعروف عند العلامة النائینی(ره)

Abstract [العربیة]

(توضیح الموضوع:) وفقاً لبعض الفقهاء، یُعدّ الاستناد إلى أدلة الأمر بالمعروف من السبل المیسّرة لتأسیس أحکام تولّی القضاء. إن المقاصد المشترکة بین الأمر بالمعروف والقضاء، والتی تشمل إزالة الفوضى وتثبیت المعاییر، ومن جهة أخرى، کون أدلة الأمر بالمعروف عامة ومطلقة وقابلة للتفسیر الموسّع، قد أتاحت هذا الاقتضاء، دون أن یکون أمام الفقیه قیود وشروط کتلک الموجودة فی الأدلة الخاصة بالقضاء.

(المسألة:) إنّ تطبیق أدلة القضاء أو تمییزها عن أدلة الأمر بالمعروف یتطلب التدقیق فی الموضوع، والقیود، والمبانی، والمبادئ، وهو ما یمکن أن یؤدی إلى بسط ید الحاکم الإسلامی أو قبضها فی مقام تطبیق الشریعة وتوسیع شؤونه الحکومیة.

یحاول هذا البحث، من خلال التدقیق فی هذه الأدلة والترکیز على الآراء الفقهیة للعلامة النائینی، إلى تحقیق هدفین: أولاً، بیان مدى صلابة القوام الاستدلالی فی تطبیق أدلة هذین المفهومین أو التمییز بینهما. وثانیاً، مدى توافق المنظومة الفقهیة والسیاسیة للعلامة النائینی (ره)، التی تقتضی توسیع الحضور الفعّال للشرع فی ساحة السیاسة والتدبیر (والقضاء هو أحد مصادیقه)، مع هذه المسألة الخاصة.

(المنهج:) اتبع هذا البحث المنهج الوصفی-التحلیلی معتمداً على المصادر المکتبیة. (النتائج:) تُظهر أن الفقیه قد رأى أن أدلة القضاء والأمر بالمعروف منفصلة فی موضوعهما، وأنه فی الحالات الطارئة والضروریة، استعان بقاعدتی "حفظ النظام" و"ولایة عدول المؤمنین"، وهو ما یتضمن نوعاً من استثنائیة إمکانیة العدول عن الشروط الخاصة للقضاء. وبالتالی، فإن مسلکه الفقهی کان نصّیّاً ومنضبطاً تماماً، ولم یکن یستغل النصوص الفقهیة لتأطیر أو تثبیت طروحاته ومیولاته السیاسیة.

Keywords [العربیة]

النائینی (ره)
الأمر بالمعروف
الحسبة
الإضطرار

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