The Conflict between Testimonial Evidence and Official Document from the Viewpoint of Fiqh and Iranian Law

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 Lecturer at Advance Level of Qum Hawza Ilmiyyah & Visiting Assistant Professor at Al-Mustafa International University.

2 Professor of Qum Research Institute for Islamic Culture and Thought.

Abstract

Nowadays, official documents are considered as one of the most important proofs that are accepted by administrative and legal systems of the world. But in some cases, there are some other signs against official documents such as testimony of witnesses which conflict with the document’s contents. Now, the question is, which of these two –official documents or testimonial evidence- must be given priority in the judgment. Article 1309 of the Iranian Civil Code has explicitly mentioned the submitting of official document. Although this article has been considered contrary to Islamic law by jurists of the guardian council, it still is in the text of the law and can be enforceable. This issue led to different judicial procedures in the same cases. Therefore, it is necessary to review and analyze the basics of each of these two viewpoints and to provide practical procedures for preferring either official document or testimonial evidence. The finding of this study is that, due to the incompatibility article 1309 with fiqh principles and viewpoints of the guardian council jurists, the said article must be corrected.
Key Words: Official Document, Testimonial Evidence, Conflict, Fiqh, Iranian Law, Assurance and knowing, Article 1309 of the Civil Code

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

التعارض بین البیّنة والوثیقة الرسمیة من منظور الفقه والقانون الإیرانی

Abstract [العربیة]

تعد الوثائق الرسمیة الیوم من أهم الأدلة المقبولة فی النظم الإداریة والقانونیة فی العالم، ولکن قد تظهر فی بعض الحالات فی مقابل الوثائق الرسمیة أمارات أخرى تعارضها من قبیل شهادة الشهود.
وهنا یُطرح السؤال التالی: أیّهما یقدم فی المحاکمة؛ الوثیقة الرسمیة أم البیّنة؟ وقد ورد تصریح واضح فی المادة 1309 من القانون المدنی الإیرانی بتقدیم الوثیقة الرسمیة، ومع أنّ رأی فقهاء مجلس صیانة الدستور یقول بمخالفة تلک المادة للشرع إلا أنّها ما تزال موجودة فی نص القانون وتتصف بإمکانیة التنفیذ، وکان ذلک سببا فی حصول إجراءات قضائیة مختلفة فی قضایا متماثلة؛ وعلیه یغدو من الضروری دراسة وتحلیل مبانی کل من الرأیین، وتقدیم حلول عملیة لترجیح البیّنة أو الوثیقة الرسمیة أحدهما على الآخر، وکانت نتیجة الدراسة أنّه بالنظر إلى منافاة المادة 1309 من القانون المدنی الإیرانی للمبانی الفقهیة ولرأی مجلس صیانة الدستور فیصبح من الضروری تعدیل هذه المادة.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الوثیقة الرسمیة
  • البیّنة
  • التعارض
  • الفقه
  • القوانین الإیرانیة
  • العلم والیقین
  • المادة 1309 من القانون المدنی

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 6, Issue 4 - Serial Number 21
January 2021
Pages 103-132

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History

  • Receive Date: 21 December 2018
  • Revise Date: 21 August 2019
  • Accept Date: 15 September 2019

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