Vice of Agreement (Mismatch between Offer and Acceptance)

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Author

Assistant Professor of Private Law at Payame Noor University of Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

One of the conditions for concluding contracts in Shia jurisprudence and Iranian law, like other legal systems, is the necessity of coincidence between offer and acceptance. The non-conformity of these two wills, as to the subject or the main conditions of each contract, is a cause of invalidity. "Mistake" is not only the most important cause but also the only cause of mismatch between offer and acceptance. In spite of this and importance of both issues that is "Coincidence between offer and acceptance" and "mistake, so far we do not have independent and serious discussions about the relationship between them, neither in jurisprudence nor in the law and in general rules of contracts. This research, relying on the precise explanation of these two issues and exploring them in different legal angles and with the aim of providing a new explanation of these concepts, emphasizes that »mistake is not only one of the most important defects of will, but also only vice of agreement and only cause of mismatch of two wills (offer and acceptance) in Iranian law«. This new and different explanation of mistake as a »Vice of Agreement« has several achievements. Systemizing the »theory of Mistake« and expanding its scope, regulating the rulings of the necessity of coincidence between offer and acceptance, finding a new basis for justifying many differences between the three legal systems of Iran, France and the United Kingdom as to these issues, are of achievements of this research.

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

عیب التراضی (عدم التطابق بین الإیجاب والقبول)

Abstract [العربیة]

من شروط العقود فی الفقه الإمامی وفی القانون الإیرانی کما فی غیرها من الأنظمة الحقوقیة لزوم التطابق بین الإیجاب والقبول، وإنّ عدم التطابق بین هذین الإنشاءین فیما یتعلق بموضوع العقد أو شروطه الأساسیة یکون موجبا لبطلان ذلک العقد.




مع أنّ أهم عامل فی عدم التطابق بین الإیجاب والقبول بل العامل الوحید هو "الخطأ"، ومع أهمیة کلا الموضوعین أی "تطابق الإیجاب والقبول" و "الخطأ" فی فقه المعاملات والقواعد العامة للعقود إلا أنّه لا یتوفر لدینا سواء فی الفقه أو فی الحقوق دراسة جادة وواسعة ومستقلة حول العلاقة بین الموضوعین.




تهدف هذه الدراسة انطلاقا من التبیین الصحیح لهذین الموضوعین والبحث الدقیق فی مختلف زوایاهما القانونیة إلى تقدیم شرح جدید لهذه المفاهیم وتؤکدّ أنّ "الخطأ" لیس فقط واحدا من أهم عیوب الإرادة، سواء العیب المانع للقصد أو العیب المانع لکمال الرضا بل هو العیب الوحید للتراضی وعدم التطابق بین الإیجاب والقبول فی القانون الإیرانی، هذا التقدیم الجدید والمتمایز لـ "الخطأ" کعیب من عیوب التراضی یستتبع نتائج متعددة ومنها تنظیم نظریة "الخطأ" وتوسیع نطاقها، وتنظیم أحکام لزوم التطابق بین الإیجاب والقبول، وإیجاد أسس جدیدة لتبریر وتعلیل الکثیر من الاختلافات الموجودة بین الأنظمة الحقوقیة فی کلّ من إیران وفرنسا وبریطانیا.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • التطابق بین الإیجاب والقبول
  • عیب التراضی
  • عیب الإرادة
  • الخطأ
  • البطلان
  • الخیار

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 6, Issue 4 - Serial Number 21
January 2021
Pages 195-227

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History

  • Receive Date: 18 November 2018
  • Revise Date: 09 April 2020
  • Accept Date: 12 April 2020

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