Investigating the spiritual rights of the dead with emphasis on the judgment of the dead's right over the penalty for the false accusation of fornication in Shiite Jurisprudence

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 PhD Student in Islamic Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

2 Associate Professor of Islamic Jurisprudence and Principles of Islamic Law at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad.

Abstract

Belief in the individuality of personality-related rights makes the right of enjoyment personal and the transfer of that right impossible. However, revering the sanctity of the dead is so significant in Islamic Jurisprudence that many spiritual rights, including the right of the penalty for the false accusation of fornication are, in proportionate to its relationship with one's personality, transferable, whether the person in question is alive or dead, and would be inherited to his/her heirs. Therefore, this study sought to investigate posthumous spiritual rights, with emphasis on the dead's right over the penalty for false accusation of fornication. The punishment for the dead's false accusation of fornication is proven through the Four Proofs and the general arguments concerning the reverence of one's sanctity, and should its relevant conditions be met, its penalty, i.e., eighty lashes, would be executed. According to Shiite Jurisprudence, the death of a person would not deprive him/her of their spiritual rights, and in some cases, the judgment for disrespecting such rights of the dead would be the same as that of the person who is alive, and sometimes even more severe. Moreover, the views of those jurists who argue that men's dignity would not be destroyed by death and that the dead could still enjoy some spiritual rights are also confirmed.

Keywords

Article Title [العربیة]

دراسة الحقوق المعنویة للمیت مع التأکید على حکم حد قذف المیّت فی فقه الإمامیة

Abstract [العربیة]

إنّ الاعتقاد بفردیة الحقوق المتعلقة بالشخصیة یجعل حق التمتع خاصا بذات الشخص وغیر قابل للنقل، فی حین أنّ الأهمیة التی أولاها علم الفقه لحفظ حرمة المیّت جعلت من الممکن نقل کثیر من هذه الحقوق وتوریثها؛ ومنها حق المقذوف؛ لما لهذا الحق من ارتباط وثیق بشخصیة الإنسان وکرامته.




یهدف هذا البحث إلى دراسة وتبیین الحقوق المعنویة للإنسان بعد الموت مع التأکید على حق حد قذف المیّت، ویمکن إثبات حکم مجازاة قذف المیّت المسلم بالأدلة الأربعة بالإضافة إلى عموم أدلة وجوب صون حرمة الإنسان، وفی حال توّفر الشروط یتم إجراء الحد وهو ثمانون جلدة.






وفقا للمصادر الفقهیة الإمامیة لا یؤدی الموت إلى زوال الحقوق المعنویة للإنسان؛ بل قد تزداد هذه الحقوق شدة فی بعض الحالات، کما تثبت آراء بعض الفقهاء القائلین بأنّ الأهلیة لا تسقط بالموت بشکل کامل، وأنّه یمکن للمیت أن یکون طرفا فی عدد من الحقوق.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • حرمة المیّت
  • الحقوق المعنویة للمیت
  • کرامة الإنسان
  • قذف المیّت

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 6, Issue 4 - Serial Number 21
January 2021
Pages 163-194

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History

  • Receive Date: 02 January 2019
  • Revise Date: 25 August 2019
  • Accept Date: 15 September 2019

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