The Matter of Depth and Space around the Ground in terms of ‘Physical Goods’, ‘Right’ and ‘Benefit’

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 Professor at Tehran University, Farabi Campus, Qom; (Corresponding Author); ahangaran@ut.ac.ir

2 Researcher at Qom Seminary

Abstract

Providing the Conditions for more utilization authority in the depth and space of the ground has provided the background for asking questions concerning legal ownership. One of the most important questions is that whether the depth and space of the ground, regardless of its surface, can be transferred to others in the form of contracts or unilateral obligations. The present study seeks to find an answer for determining how to transfer in from of legal actions which being physical goods (ʻAyn) is a non-gratuitous condition in them. In this regard, given the fact that most of the legal actions are such that being physical goods is a non-gratuitous condition in them such as transaction and renting, the matter of the depth and space around the ground has been examined in terms of ‘being physical goods’, ‘right’ and ‘benefit’, finally, being ‘physical goods’ of that accepted and also being ‘right’ and ‘benefit’ of that rejected. As a result, the depth and space around the ground can be transacted independently in those transactions that according to jurisprudential standards the condition of object of sale is to be physical goods and it has involved in it.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

ماهیة الباطن والفضاء المحاذیین للأرض من جهات «العین» و «الحق» و«المنفعة»

Abstract [العربیة]

إنّ توفر الظروف المواتیة لاستغلال أکبر للباطن والفضاء المحاذیین للأرض شکّل أرضیة لظهور أسئلة حول المالکیة الشرعیة، ومن أهم هذه الأسئلة أنّه هل یمکن فی إطار العقود أو الإیقاعات نقل الباطن والفضاء المحاذیین للأرض للغیر بشکل مستقل عن سطح الأرض؟ یحاول هذا البحث استنادا إلى المبانی الفقهیة بیان کیفیة الانتقال فی إطار المعاملات الحقوقیة والتی یشترط فیها أن یکون المعوَّض عینا.

وبالنظر إلى شرط اختصاص المعوّض بالعین فی أکثر المعاملات الحقوقیة (کالبیع والإجارة) عمدنا إلى دراسة ماهیة باطن الأرض وفضائها المحاذیین لها من حیث "العین" و"الحق"، و"المنفعة"، وکانت النتیجة قبول "العین" ونفی "الحق" و"المنفعة"، ومحصّل ذلک أنّه یمکن نقل باطن الأرض وفضائها المحاذیین لها فی المعاملات التی یشترط فیها حسب المعاییر الشرعیة أن یکون المبیع عینا والتی یکون لمسألة "العین" مدخلیة فیها (کالبیع والإجارة والوقف).

Keywords [العربیة]

  • ماهیة باطن الأرض
  • الفضاء المحاذی
  • العین
  • الحق
  • المنفعة
  • الأرض

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 7, Issue 1 - Serial Number 22
Articles
May 2021
Pages 195-220

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History

  • Receive Date: 03 May 2019
  • Revise Date: 26 May 2020
  • Accept Date: 27 May 2020

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