Determining the Amount of Thaman in Text of Sale Agreements (Case Study of Buying and Selling Real Estate)

Document Type : Research (Fast Track Review)

Authors

1 Teacher of high levels of Qom seminary

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Quranic Sciences and Hadith, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Kharazmi University

3 Level four seminaries Teacher of seminaries Associate Professor and Director of Islamic Banking Department, Kharazmi University ,Tehran, Iran

Abstract

Today, in many sale agreements, including a number of real estate purchases and sales, determining the amount of thaman (price) at the time of signing the agreement is either not possible or entails great risk. While many jurists have considered determining the amount of thaman at the time of signing the agreement as a condition for the validity of the sale agreement, and this condition has been specified in Article 338 of the Civil Code of Iran. The main question is whether the determination of the amount of thaman is an imperative rule and a condition for the validity of the sale, or is it enough for the validity of the agreement to provide a clear and indisputable process in the text of the agreement for determining the thaman in the future of the agreement? This study concerns the evidence of the necessity of determining the thaman – including the Prophet Muḥammad’s ḥadīth of the prohibition of the gharar (risk-taking) sale – demonstrate that not only is there no evidence for the first possibility, but a ṣaḥīḥ narration correctly indicates the second possibility. This study has dealt with analytical-critical data processing with the textual-revealed method.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

تعیین مقدار المبیع فی عقد البیع

Abstract [العربیة]

نلاحظ فی العدید من عقود البیع الیوم أن تعیین مقدار المبیع فی نص العقد إما أنه غیر ممکن أو ینطوی على العدید من الصعوبات ولیس عرفیا أبدا؛ ولکن حسب الرأی السائد بین الفقهاء فإن "تعیین مقدار المبیع فی نص عقد البیع" هو شرط لصحته.
لذلک فإن السؤال الرئیس لهذه الدراسة هو ما إذا کانت أدلة هذا الشرط تشمل جمیع أنواع المبیع أو أن دلالاتها لیست مطلقة؛ بحیث لا تشمل العقود التی یتعذر فیها تعیین کمیة ومقدار المبیع فی وقت الإبرام والعقد أو لا یکون تعیین المقدار عرفیاً. وهل یکفی لصحة العقد أن تضع الأطراف فی العقود آلیة منضبطة وعملیة غیر قابلة للاختلاف فی نص العقد لجهة تعیین مقدار المبیع فی المستقبل؟
توصلت الدراسة _المُعدة فوق المنهج التحلیلی النقدی_ للإجابة على هذا السؤال إلى نتیجة مفادها أنه إذا کان المبیع وزنا أو کیلا، فلا یکفی تعیین مثل هذه الآلیة. ویشترط تعیین مقدار المبیع فی نص العقد إلا إذا لم یکن من الممکن أو المتعارف علیه تعیین مقدار المبیع وقت إبرام العقد بالوزن أو الکیل، وثانیاً البیع یکون نقدا أو مؤجلا ولم یکن سلماً.
ولکن إذا کان البیع عددیاً؛ فیکفی تعیین تلک الآلیة المنضبطة فی نص العقد، ویشترط تعیین مقدار المبیع فی وقت العقد فقط إذا کان البیع سلماً أولاً، وثانیا إذا کان تعیین مقدار المبیع فی وقت العقد عن طریق العَدّ ممکنا وعرفیاً.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • عقد البیع
  • شرط الصحة
  • تعیین مقدار المبیع
  • بیع السلم

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Islamic Law, Jurisprudence and Methodology
Volume 9, Issue 4 - Serial Number 33
Articles
February 2024
Pages 159-190

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  • Receive Date: 12 January 2022
  • Revise Date: 01 July 2022
  • Accept Date: 02 July 2022

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