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Hajjah al-Islam and professor of external courses at Alimeh Khoza, Khorasan
10.22034/jrj.2025.70010.2878
Abstract
Abstract Considering international treaties and their legal and regulatory requirements, the question arises regarding the position of these treaties in Islamic jurisprudence and whether they can be regarded as a type of contract, fitting into the comparative context of the verse "Fulfill your contracts" (Quran 5:1), or if there are substantive differences between the two. This article aims to define and analyze the concepts of "contract" and "treaty," the processes of offer and acceptance in treaties and contracts, the role of legal entities, sources of legitimacy, the application of options (khiyar), and enforcement mechanisms in each. It demonstrates that international treaties and Islamic contracts have significant substantive differences, and conflating the two presents serious challenges. These differences include the subjects of obligation, the grounds for enforcement, the existence of options, and the underlying objectives. Specifically, in international treaties, the parties are states, and national and international interests are central, often influenced by political and economic factors. In contrast, in Islamic contracts, the religious and ethical duty to fulfill promises is paramount, shaped by moral and jurisprudential principles. Therefore, the notion of unifying these two types of obligations is incorrect, necessitating the acceptance of dualism and attention to a new jurisprudential framework for treaties. This research, through qualitative and comparative analysis of these two concepts, contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between international treaties and Islamic contracts, highlighting the need for a more precise approach to the issue of international treaties and their positioning in Islamic jurisprudence.
Zahedi, A. and Derayati, H. (2024). Conceptual and thematic differentiation of sharia contracts and treaties. Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, 10(3), 1-1. doi: 10.22034/jrj.2025.70010.2878
MLA
Zahedi, A. , and Derayati, H. . "Conceptual and thematic differentiation of sharia contracts and treaties", Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, 10, 3, 2024, 1-1. doi: 10.22034/jrj.2025.70010.2878
HARVARD
Zahedi, A., Derayati, H. (2024). 'Conceptual and thematic differentiation of sharia contracts and treaties', Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, 10(3), pp. 1-1. doi: 10.22034/jrj.2025.70010.2878
CHICAGO
A. Zahedi and H. Derayati, "Conceptual and thematic differentiation of sharia contracts and treaties," Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, 10 3 (2024): 1-1, doi: 10.22034/jrj.2025.70010.2878
VANCOUVER
Zahedi, A., Derayati, H. Conceptual and thematic differentiation of sharia contracts and treaties. Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence, 2024; 10(3): 1-1. doi: 10.22034/jrj.2025.70010.2878
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