Distinguishing Functional Analysis in Imāmīyyah Criminal Jurisprudence

Document Type : Research (Normal Review)

Authors

1 PHD student

2 Department of criminal law and criminology University of Qom

Abstract

An important aspect of the jurisprudential approach to punishments is considering their functions, effects, and consequences. The extent to which these factors can be relied upon in permitting or prohibiting the implementation of a punishment is a significant issue, particularly from the perspective of governmental criminal jurisprudence.
Using a descriptive-analytical method, based on legal (sharʻī) sources and the propositions found in the works of jurists, this study aims to take a comprehensive view of this issue. The findings indicate that, in addition to the explicit legal evidence regarding the functions of punishment in general, Islamic jurists have actively employed functional analysis in their critique and examination of punishments.
However, while jurists’ perspectives on the purpose of ḥudūd (punishments prescribed by Islamic law) and taʻzīrāt (discretionary penalties) have contributed to the development of functionalism in taʻzīrī punishments to some extent, they have had little impact on ḥudūd punishments. Jurists have also given considerable attention to the negative side effects of ḥadī and taʻzīrī punishments, sometimes even issuing fatwās prohibiting or delaying their implementation due to their harmful effects on individuals or society.
Overall, Islamic jurisprudence has significant potential for incorporating functionalist considerations in punishment. However, this important issue has not yet received the scholarly attention and research it deserves.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Article Title [العربیة]

الوظیفیة فی العقوبات من منظور الفقه الإمامی

Abstract [العربیة]

من أهم القضایا التی تناولتها الفقه الإسلامی فی دراسة العقوبات هو النظر فی آثارها ووظائفها ونتائجها. وتتعلق المسألة الأساسیة هنا بمدى إمکانیة الاعتماد على هذه الآثار والنتائج فی تحدید أحکام العقوبات، خاصة من منظور الفقه الجنائی الحکومی.



تسعى هذه الدراسة، من خلال منهج وصفی تحلیلی، إلى تقدیم رؤیة شاملة لهذا الموضوع بالاستناد إلى المصادر الشرعیة وتأملات الفقهاء.



تشیر نتائج البحث إلى أنه بالإضافة إلى الصراحة أو الظهور الموجود فی الأدلة الشرعیة فیما یتعلق بوظائف العقوبات بشکل عام، فإن الفقهاء المسلمین قد استخدموا صراحة التحلیل الوظیفی فی نقد ودراسة العقوبات.



رغم ذلک، فإن تصور الفقهاء لأهداف الحدود والتعزیرات قد أدى إلى اتجاه نحو الوظیفیة فی العقوبات التعزیریة، وإن کان هذا التأثیر محدودًا فی العقوبات الحَدِّیة.



کما أولى الفقهاء اهتماماً کبیراً بالآثار الجانبیة السلبیة للعقوبات الحدیة والتعزیریة. حتى أنهم أفتوا فی بعض الأحیان بمنع تنفیذ الحد أو تأخیره بسبب هذه الآثار السلبیة على الفرد أو المجتمع.



رغم ذلک، فإن الفقه الإسلامی یزخر بإمکانیات لدراسة وظائف العقوبات بشکل أعمق وأشمل، إلا أن هذا الجانب لم یحظ بالاهتمام الکافی.

Keywords [العربیة]

  • الوظیفیة - الفقه الجنائی
  • العقوبة
  • الحدود
  • التعزیرات
  • آثار العقوبة

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Journal of Islamic Law and Jurisprudence
Volume 10, Issue 3 - Serial Number 36
Articles
September 2024
Pages 67-100

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