Investigating the nature of mining from the point of view of Shia jurisprudence

Farhangdalir, Mahdi

doi:10.22034/jrj.2025.70779.2929

Investigating the nature of mining from the point of view of Shia jurisprudence

Document Type : Research (Fast Track Review)

Author

Mahdi Farhangdalir

Researcher of the Higher Institute of Fiqh and Islamic Sciences

10.22034/jrj.2025.70779.2929

Abstract

he nature of mining and the essential characteristics of mining is one of the seemingly easy issues in jurisprudential thematic issues, which is rarely discussed, and most of the jurists have only dealt with verbal or terminological definitions, they have not discussed much about the nature of mining, and the nature of mining is still It has remained ambiguous and the difference between the characteristics of mines and minerals has not been clarified.After searching for jurisprudential, lexical and customary sources and examining the characteristics that have the possibility of influencing the nature of the mine against minerals, four characteristics - "concentration of minerals with a degree of purity within a certain range, depth from the surface of the earth, high financial value of the material" "Mineral and non-earth minerals" was reviewed and the following results were obtained: Out of these four characteristics, the first and second two characteristics are the essential elements of the mine, without which the nature of the mine cannot be realized even in the mind. Although the third characteristic is directly a description of mineral materials, but indirectly, it is also considered a characteristic of a mine, and in a way, it is an existential and external description of a mine, because the density of any material does not lead to the realization of a mine outside, but it must Materials have a high financial value so that they can be mined at the place of concentration. But the fourth characteristic, "being non-earth" has neither a role in the nature of minerals nor an effect on the realization of the nature of the mine.Therefore, in the definition of a mine, it can be said that a mine is: "a place of concentration and concentration of valuable materials and elements inside the earth.

Keywords

Main Subjects

Spoils of War and Public Goods

Article Title [العربیة]

ماهیة المعدن من منظور الفقه الإمامی

Abstract [العربیة]

تُمثل طبیعة المعدن إحدى القضایا الجوهریة فی تحدید الموضوعات الفقهیة التی لم تحظَ ببحث وافٍ. فقد اکتفى غالب الفقهاء بالتعریفات اللغویة أو الاصطلاحیة، مما أبقى الطبیعة الحقیقیة للمعدن غامضة، وهو غموض ینعکس کذلک فی قوانین البلاد.

بعد البحث فی المصادر الفقهیة، اللغویة، والعرفیة، وکذلک تقییم الخصائص التی یمکن أن تکون مؤثرة فی تحدید ماهیة المعدن مقارنة بالمواد المعدنیة، تم تحدید وتحلیل أربع خصائص: تراکم المواد المعدنیة بدرجة من النقاء فی نطاق محدد، العمق من سطح الأرض، القیمة المالیة العالیة للمواد المعدنیة، وکونها غیر داخلة ضمن جنس الأرض.

تُبین نتائج البحث أن من بین هذه الخصائص الأربع، تُعدّ الخصیصتان الأولیان (الکثافة بنقاوة محددة والعمق) من مقومات حقیقة المعدن؛ بحیث لا یُتصوّر المعدن بدونهما. أما الخاصیة الثالثة (القیمة المالیة)، وإن کانت تتعلق بالمواد المعدنیة مباشرة؛ لکنها تُعدّ وصفاً للمعدن بالواسطة؛ إذ لیس کل تجمع للمواد یُعدّ معدناً، إلا إذا کانت المواد ذات قیمة مالیة معتبرة؛ أما الخاصیة الرابعة (کونها مغایرة لجنس الأرض)، فلا دخل لها فی تحقیق حقیقة المعدن أو تعریف المواد المعدنیة. وبناءً على ذلک، یمکن تعریف المعدن بهذا الشکل: "المعدن هو محل تجمع وتکثف المواد والعناصر القیّمة فی باطن الأرض".

Keywords [العربیة]

ماهیة المعدن
المعدن
المعدن السطحی
المعدن الجوفی
المواد المعدنیة

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