نوع مقاله : پژوهشی (داوری سریع)
نویسندگان
1 گروه فقه و حقوق خصوصی ، دانشکده علوم و معارف، جامعه المصطفی العالمیه، قم الشریف، ایران. سطوح عالیه، حوزه علمیه قم، قم الشریف، ایران.
2 دانشـــیار، گـــروه حقـــوق خصوصـــی، دانشـــکده حقـــوق، دانشـــگاه قـــم و مدرس درس خارج و سطوح عالی حوزه علمیه قم، قم، ایران.
3 استاد درس خارج و عضو جامعه مدرسین حوزه علمیه، حوزه علمیه قم، قم الشریف، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Al-Makāsib al-Muḥarrama by Shaykh Murtadā al-Anṣārī is one of the most foundational and influential works in the jurisprudence of Islamic transactions (fiqh al-muʿāmalāt) within Imāmī Shiʿi thought. Beyond its legal substance, the work holds an exceptional position from the perspective of methodological jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh). The present study aims to identify and analyze Shaykh al-Anṣārī’s methodological framework in the section on forbidden transactions, focusing on three key dimensions: the integration of uṣūlī principles within the process of legal reasoning, the systematic and rational analysis of transmitted textual evidences, and the logical and stepwise organization of juristic discussions. Drawing on authoritative commentaries on al-Makāsib by major jurists such as Muḥaqqiq al-ʿIrāqī, Muḥaqqiq al-Īrwānī, Sayyid Yazdī, Muḥaqqiq Khwānsārī, Āyatullāh al-Khūʾī, and al-Shahīd al-Ṣadr, the study demonstrates that Shaykh al-Anṣārī, through a synthesis of classical and modern methods and a deep connection between uṣūl and substantive law, established a new and coherent paradigm of systematic ijtihād. Among his major innovations are the structural organization of juristic chapters, the precise delineation of disputed issues, the logical sequencing of reasoning stages, and the formulation of the “Theory of Contracts” (naẓariyyat al-ʿuqūd) as a general analytical framework for legal relations. The findings indicate that Shaykh al-Anṣārī transformed transactional jurisprudence from a narrative and fragmented discourse into an analytical and systematized discipline. His rational and structured model of ijtihād paved the way for the development of a new methodological current in Shiʿi seminaries. The study concludes by critically examining his view on mālīyah (legal property value) and manfaʿah muḥallalah maqsūdah (permissible intended benefit), highlighting how his approach can still provide valuable insights for addressing contemporary economic and social challenges and for redefining new categories of makāsib muḥarramah in modern contexts.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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