نوع مقاله : پژوهشی (داوری عادی)
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکتری فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی دانشگاه یاسوج (متخذ از رساله)
2 دانشیار گروه فقه و مبانی حقوق اسلامی دانشگاه یاسوج
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
Expediency and coercion are among old topics in Shariah whose function is realized in jurisprudence. The legislator has
been variably considering this fact that a framework should be established in the rulings and prescriptions to make these rules flexible. The legislator asses mukallaf,s (the one who is obliged to perform religious duties) conditions and the status in which he is situated to specify the servant,s quality of obedience so that he is known obedient in special conditions even if he committed a forbidden, while he would be known guilty and sinful in usual situations if he committed the same crime. Expediency is compatible with human,s purpose in this world and the Hereafter which consequently ends in access to profit and prevent from loss whose authority is proven as the intellectuals, conduct is proven.
Likewise, if the expediency is a bound one, the rule of intellect,s rule and canon may obtain its authority. Coercion is an intolerable status which seduces a person and makes him commit sin 152 and abandons dues. The guaranty for the authority of coercion and its consequent rules are indications such as the Qur,an, traditions and intellect. The researcher has attempted to propose introductory discussions and to provide comparative samples from the issue of expediency and coercion and to compare expediency and coercion so that their distinctions and similarities are identified. This question is also to be answered that how expediency and coercion may contribute to the issue of family and becomes
a source for legislating prescriptions by the jurists. By going through samples from the prescriptions of family such as infants, it is concluded that the legislator has falsified the rules pertaining kids and infants based on expediency and envy, so that by deducing the rule pertaining the kids by the jurists, it is concluded that expediency enjoys a high status, hence, observing expediency in the process of law making has extended its influence. Similarly, the existence of coercion and obligation in the pertaining rules of family namely kids and infants could establish secondary status and impose prescriptions on them.
کلیدواژهها [English]
عنوان مقاله [العربیة]
دراسة و تأثیر المصلحة و الاضطرار الشرعی فی أحکام الأسرۀ
چکیده [العربیة]إنالمصلحةوالضطرارمنالمفاهیمالعریقةفیالشرع،وکانمضمارهمافیالفقه، وقدوضعالشارعذلکتضبعینیه،إذصاغقوالبفیالأحکاموالقوانین،لکییجعل هذهالقوانینمرنة.وقدأخذبنظرالعتبارحالاتالمکلفوموقفهفیکیفیتةالنقیاد،ّ فلعل ً عبدایعتبرفیظروفخاصة ً مطیعاو ّ مسخ ًراحتیفیارتکاب ّ محرم،إلا َّ أنهذا
العمل ّ یعد ً ذنبا.إنارتکبهفیالظروفالعادیة.
َّ إنالمصلحةتلائمغایاتالانسانفیالدنیاوالآخرة،وثمرتهاالفائدةوالنفعو
اجتنابالضرر،وتثبتحجتهبعملالعقلاء.وکذالکإنکانتالمصلحةمصلحة
ملزمة،اکتسبت ّ حجتهمنقاعدةالملازمةبینحکمالعقلوالشرع ً أیضا.والاضطرار
حالةلاتطاق ً ایضا.إذیحملالانسانعلیارتکاب ّ المحرموترکالواجب.وتعضد
حجةالاضطراروالأحکام ّ بادلةمنالقرآنوالروایاتوالعقل.
وقورنفیهذاالبحثبینالمصلحةوالاضطراربعدبحوثتحضیریةوعرض
أمثلةمقارنة،والوقوفعلیتشابههماواختلافهما،والجابةعنالسؤالالتالی:کیف
یمکنأنتجعلالمصلحةوالاضطرار ً مصدرالتشریعالأحکاممنقبلالمجتهدینمن
خلالبحثالأحکامالمختصة ُ بالأسرة؟وخلصهذاالبحثإلی َّ أنالشارعوضعقوانین
ّ مختصةبالأطفال،بحیث ّ اتضحعنداستقراءالأحکام ّ المختصةبالأطفالالتیعرضها
الفقهاء ّ أنالمصلحة ّ تتبوأ ً مقاما ً رفیعا،کما ّ أنرعایةالمصلحةترکأثرهفی ّ سنالقوانین
ً أیضا.ویمکنکذلکإیجادحالاتثانویةوسرایةأحکامفیها،وذلکبوجودالضطار
والضرورةفیالأحکامالمتعلقة ُ بالأسرة،و ّ لاسیماالأطفالوالصغار.
کلیدواژهها [العربیة]
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